. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019 Jun 14;28(9):1409–1416. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0021

Table 3.

Measures of disparities in lung cancer incidence and survival, and breast cancer incidence and survival, across socioeconomic status (SES) quintiles for urban and rural areas.

SES disparities in lung cancer incidence
	RUCA (2 levels)					Census (4 levels)
	Urban (ref^*)		Rural			All Urban (ref^*)		Mostly Urban			Mostly Rural			All Rural
	est.	SE	est.	SE	% diff.	est.	SE	est.	SE	% diff.	est.	SE	% diff.	est.	SE	% diff.
ABSOLUTE MEASURES
Range Difference (RD)	19.81	0.30	28.14	1.71	42	20.74	0.33	24.62	0.69	19	22.16	1.53	7	20.45	1.23	−1
Absolute Concentration Index (ACI)	−3.88	0.05	−4.47	0.17	15	−4.04	0.06	−4.72	0.12	17	−3.81	0.22	−6	−3.91	0.22	−3

RELATIVE MEASURES
Range Ratio (RR)	1.43	0.01	1.53	0.05	7	1.47	0.01	1.50	0.02	3	1.39	0.03	−5	1.33	0.02	−9
Relative Concentration Index (RCI)	−0.07	0.00	−0.06	0.00	−7	−0.07	0.00	−0.08	0.00	7	−0.06	0.00	−24	−0.05	0.00	−25

SES disparities in lung cancer survival
	RUCA (2 levels)					Census (4 levels)
	Urban (ref^*)		Rural			All Urban (ref^*)		Mostly Urban			Mostly Rural			All Rural
	est.	SE	est.	SE	% diff.	est.	SE	est.	SE	% diff.	est.	SE	% diff.	est.	SE	% diff.
ABSOLUTE MEASURES
Range Difference (RD)	8.86	0.35	3.81	0.95	−57	9.38	0.41	7.52	0.73	−20	8.62	1.49	−8	4.39	1.06	−53
Absolute Concentration Index (ACI)	1.62	0.06	0.55	0.14	−66	1.73	0.07	1.51	0.13	−12	1.24	0.20	−28	0.67	0.18	−61

RELATIVE MEASURES
Range Ratio (RR)	1.64	0.03	1.29	0.08	−22	1.69	0.04	1.53	0.07	−9	1.61	0.13	−5	1.35	0.09	−20
Relative Concentration Index (RCI)	0.09	0.00	0.04	0.01	−58	0.10	0.00	0.09	0.01	−9	0.07	0.01	−27	0.04	0.01	−54

SES disparities in breast cancer incidence
	RUCA (2 levels)					Census (4 levels)
	Urban (ref^*)		Rural			All Urban (ref^*)		Mostly Urban			Mostly Rural			All Rural
	est.	SE	est.	SE	% diff.	est.	SE	est.	SE	% diff.	est.	SE	% diff.	est.	SE	% diff.
ABSOLUTE MEASURES
Range Difference (RD)	36.44	0.57	18.68	3.67	−49	37.22	0.64	32.39	1.28	−13	31.24	2.74	−16	30.28	3.40	−19
Absolute Concentration Index (ACI)	7.14	0.10	2.68	0.31	−62	7.39	0.12	6.18	0.22	−16	5.27	0.39	−29	4.05	0.39	−45

RELATIVE MEASURES
Range Ratio (RR)	1.34	0.01	1.17	0.03	−13	1.35	0.01	1.30	0.01	−4	1.30	0.03	−4	1.29	0.04	−4
Relative Concentration Index (RCI)	0.06	0.00	0.02	0.00	−58	0.06	0.00	0.05	0.00	−18	0.04	0.00	−27	0.04	0.00	−40

SES disparities in breast cancer survival
	RUCA (2 levels)					Census (4 levels)
	Urban (ref^*)		Rural			All Urban (ref^*)		Mostly Urban			Mostly Rural			All Rural
	est.	SE	est.	SE	% diff.	est.	SE	est.	SE	% diff.	est.	SE	% diff.	est.	SE	% diff.
ABSOLUTE MEASURES
Range Difference (RD)	11.68	0.34	6.78	1.93	−42	12.03	0.37	9.79	0.76	−19	7.73	1.46	−36	10.89	1.71	−10
Absolute Concentration Index (ACI)	2.12	0.05	1.30	0.19	−39	2.29	0.06	1.75	0.12	−24	1.28	0.20	−44	1.77	0.23	−23

RELATIVE MEASURES
Range Ratio (RR)	1.14	0.00	1.08	0.02	−5	1.15	0.01	1.12	0.01	−3	1.09	0.02	−5	1.14	0.02	−1
Relative Concentration Index (RCI)	0.02	0.00	0.02	0.00	−38	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.00	−24	0.01	0.00	−44	0.02	0.00	−20

Note. Bolded estimates indicate statistically-significant (p<.05) differences in SES-associated disparities for rurality categories compared to the most urban group (the reference categories). RUCA=Rural Urban Commuting Areas; ref=reference; est.=estimate; SE=standard error; diff.=difference.

Reference groups were only used in the calculation of RD and RR.