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. 2019 Sep 4;9:12740. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49095-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The CSI and levels of total cholesterol, phospholipids, and bile acids. (A) Total cholesterol level in the bile increased significantly in the PUFA group. (B,C) Both the PUFA and combination groups had significantly increased bile acid (B) and total phospholipid levels in bile (C). (D) As a result, the CSI decreased significantly in the PUFA and combination groups. (E) Total serum levels of cholesterol were similar among the groups. (F) Serum levels of phospholipids increased significantly in the combination group. *P < 0.05 vs. control group.