Table. Clinical characteristics of selected segmental progeroid syndromes.
Wiedemann–Rautenstrauch syndrome | PYCR1-related cutis laxa | Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome | MDPL syndrome | Werner syndrome | Myotonic dystrophy type 1 | |
Congenital abnormalities | ||||||
Intrauterine growth retardation | + | + | − | − | − | − |
Natal teeth | + | − | − | − | − | − |
Perinatal respiratory problems | + | − | − | − | − | − |
Physical abnormalities | ||||||
Graying of scalp hair | − | − | − | − | + | − |
Hair loss | + | + | + | − | + | + |
Prominent scalp veins | + | + | + | − | − | − |
Hearing loss | − | − | + | + | − | + |
Cataract | − | − | − | − | + | + |
Mandibular hypoplasia | + | + | + | + | + | − |
Triangular shape of face | + | + | − | − | − | − |
Microcephaly | − | + | − | − | − | − |
Short stature | + | + | + | − | + | − |
Joint contractures | + | − | + | − | − | −* |
Hypermobility of joints | − | + | − | − | − | − |
Dermatological abnormalities | ||||||
Thin/atrophic skin | + | + | + | + | + | − |
Wrinkled skin | − | + | − | − | − | − |
Telangiectasia | − | − | − | + | − | − |
Skin pigment disorders | − | − | ± | − | + | − |
Ulcers | − | − | − | − | + | − |
Hyperkeratosis | − | − | − | − | + | − |
Metabolic abnormalities | ||||||
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | − | − | − | + | + | + |
Lipodystrophy | + | + | + | + | + | − |
Hypogonadism | − | − | − | + | + | + |
Neurological abnormalities | ||||||
Intellectual disability | ± | + | − | − | − | −* |
Muscle weakness | − | + | + | + | + | + |
Myotonia | − | − | − | − | − | + |
Other abnormalities | ||||||
Atherosclerosis | − | − | + | − | + | − |
Arrhythmia | − | − | − | − | − | + |
Osteopenia | − | + | − | − | + | − |
Osteoporosis | − | − | + | − | + | − |
Increased cancer risk | − | − | − | − | + | + |
Causative altered gene | POLR3A | PYCR1 | LMNA | POLD1 | WRN | DMPK |
MDPL, mandibular hypoplasia, deafness, progeroid features, and lipodystrophy;
+, typically abnormal finding; -, typically normal finding; ±, in some patients; *, only with the congenital form