Table 2.

Factors associated with in-hospital mortality in severely ill children

Variable	Unadjusted odds ratio	95% CI	P Value	Adjusted odds ratio*	95% CI	P Value
Age (Ref > 5 years)
< 1 year	1.0	0.7–1.7	0.853	1.1	0.6–1.9	0.764
≥ 1 year to < 5 years	0.7	0.4–1.1	0.113	0.6	0.3–0.9	0.040
Gender (Ref male)
Female	1.1	0.8–1.6	0.565	1.2	0.8–1.9	0.450
Any severely deranged vital sign†	2.6	1.7–4.0	< 0.001	3.2	2.0–5.0	< 0.001
WHO emergency sign
Airway/breathing signs‡	0.7	0.5–1.1	0.122	0.6	0.4–1.1	0.081
Shock	2.7	0.9–8.2	0.082	1.3	0.4–4.7	0.645
Severe dehydration	2.6	1.4–5.1	0.004	2.8	1.3–6.0	0.008
Coma/convulsion sign§	1.2	0.7–1.8	0.554	0.9	0.5–1.8	0.99
Blood sugar level (mmol/L) (Ref normoglycemia)
Hypo/low glycemia (< 5)	3.6	2.2–5.8	< 0.001	2.7	1.6–4.7	< 0.001
Hyperglycemia (> 10)	1.3	0.8–2.3	0.291	1.3	0.7–2.2	0.404
Referred from another facility	1.5	0.9–2.5	0.126	1.6	0.9–2.9	0.081
Fasting time (Ref < 8 hours)
≥ 8 hours	1.3	0.8–1.9	0.258	1.0	0.6–1.6	0.989
Severe acute malnutrition	5.8	3.5–9.6	< 0.001	5.7	3.3–10.0	< 0.001

Ref = reference group.

* Adjusted for all the other variables in the table.

† Presence of any severely deranged respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature, oxygen saturation, or Blantyre coma score.

‡ Presented with either airway obstruction or severe respiratory distress WHO emergency sign.¹⁵

§ Presented with either coma or convulsion WHO emergency sign.¹⁵