Table 2.
Pathogen identification in diarrheal stool at enrollment among Guatemalan children, by rurality
| Individual pathogens detected at enrollment | Rural (N = 172) | Urban (N = 144)* | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| EAEC | 114 (66.3%) | 70 (50.4%) | 0.004 |
| EPEC | 102 (59.3%) | 59 (42.5%) | 0.003 |
| ETEC | 99 (57.6%) | 39 (28.1%) | < 0.0001 |
| Campylobacter | 103 (59.9%) | 29 (20.9%) | < 0.0001 |
| EIEC (Shigella) | 90 (52.3%) | 22 (15.8%) | < 0.0001 |
| Giardia | 94 (57.4%) | 10 (7.2%) | < 0.0001 |
| Norovirus | 48 (27.9%) | 54 (38.9%) | 0.04 |
| Sapovirus | 33 (19.2%) | 17 (12.2%) | 0.09 |
| STEC-0157 | 31 (18.0%) | 11 (7.9%) | 0.007 |
| Adenovirus | 26 (15.1%) | 15 (10.8%) | 0.26 |
| Cryptosporidia | 19 (11.1%) | 8 (5.8%) | 0.09 |
| Clostridium difficile | 13 (7.6%) | 13 (9.4%) | 0.57 |
| Rotavirus | 10 (5.8%) | 12 (8.6%) | 0.35 |
| Astrovirus | 12 (7.0%) | 6 (4.3%) | 0.31 |
| Plesiomonas | 14 (8.1%) | 2 (1.4%) | 0.004 |
| Salmonella | 7 (4.1%) | 4 (2.9%) | 0.57 |
| Cyclospora | 2 (1.2%) | 1 (0.7%) | 0.68 |
| Vibrio cholerae | 2 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.16 |
| Vibrio | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.32 |
| Yersinia | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | N/A |
| Total pathogen count | 4.8 (1.8) | 2.7 (1.6) | < 0.0001 |
EAEC = enteroaggregative E. coli; EPEC = enteropathogenic E. coli; ETEC = enterotoxigenic E. coli; EIEC = Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli; STEC = Shiga-like–toxin producing E. coli.
* Five children did not have pathogen information at enrollment.