Table 1.

Amounts of ingested gluten-containing cereal proteins (g per protein per kg body weight per day) and percentage of breastfeeding of healthy Finnish (Tampere), Swedish (Gothenburg) and Italian (Naples) infants at 6, 9, and 12 months of age in 1990 at the time of the Swedish epidemic [adapted from Ascher et al. (57) and Mäki et al. (62)].

	n	Wheat		Rye		Barley		Oats
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Breast-feeding %
6 months
Tampere	73	0.06a	0.06	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.20	0.23	71
Naples	50	0.44a	0.24							10
9 months
Tampere	60	0.14a	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.03a	0.04	0.25a	0.17	47
Gothenburg	20	0.48a	0.21	0.04	0.05	0.01a	0.01	0.16a	0.14	20
Naples	58	0.6a	0.23							(1 child)
12 months
Tampere	47	0.20a	0.13	0.12	0.12	0.03	0.03	0.23	0.15	17
Gothenburg	13	0.42a	0.13	0.09	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.20	0.19	0
Naples	58	0.60a	0.25							0

^aSignificant difference between countries.

In Naples no rye, barley, or oats was consumed.