. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 5.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Obes (Lond). 2018 Mar 3;42(7):1275–1284. doi: 10.1038/s41366-018-0052-y

Table 3.

Pre-pregnancy low risk lifestyle factors and risk of obesity in offspring.

	Low risk group			Relative risk (95%CI)
	No (%) of women	No (%) of offspring	No (%) of obese offspring	Relative risk (95%CI)
Healthy diet^*	1868 (39.8)	2236 (39.2)	188 (8.4)	0.98 (0.82, 1.17)
BMI 18.5-25	3490 (74.3)	4175 (73.2)	253 (6.1)	0.37 (0.31, 0.43)
Moderate/vigorous exercise ≥ 150 min/week	1892 (40.3)	2286 (40.1)	179 (7.8)	0.90 (0.76, 1.08)
Current non-smoker	4350 (92.6)	5315 (93.2)	470 (8.8)	0.64 (0.49, 0.84)

Adjusted for mother’s age at birth (years), mom’s race/ethnicity (white, others), other variables included in table, parity (null-parity, 1, 2, 3, ≥4 previous pregnancies), pre-pregnancy alcohol intake (0, 0-5, 5-15, ≥15g/day), educational attainment of spouse/partner (high school/college, graduate school), and gender of the offspring (girl, boy).

Reference group for relative risk calculation include all other women not in low risk factor category as defined in table.

Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 diet score in upper two quintiles. Alcohol intake is not included the calculation of the diet score.