| (1) Oxidative Modifications
of Amino Acid Residue Side Chains399,400,409,410
|
| arginine |
γ-glutamyl semialdehyde, glyco-oxidation
adducts |
| cysteine |
disulfides,
cysteic acid, glutathione cysteine, lipid peroxidation
adducts, amino acid oxidation adducts, sulfenic acid, sulfinic acid,
sulfonic acid, nitroso-cysteine |
| glutamic
acid |
oxalic acid, pyruvate adducts, hydro-peroxides |
| histidine |
aspartate |
| asparagine |
| 2-oxo-histidine |
| 4-hydroxy-glutaminic acid |
| lipid peroxidation adducts |
| amino acid oxidation
adducts |
| hydro-peroxides |
| isoleucine |
hydro-peroxides |
| leucine |
3-hydroxy-leucine, 4-hydroxy-leucine |
| 5-hydroxy-leucine, hydro-peroxides |
| lysine |
α-amino-adipic semialdehyde,
chloramines, hydro-peroxides |
| lipid peroxidation
adducts, amino acid oxidation adducts |
| glyco-oxidation
adducts |
| methionine |
methionine
sulfoxide, methionine sulfone |
| phenylalanine |
2-hydroxy-phenylalanine, 3-hydroxy-phenylalanine |
| 4-hydroxy-phenylalanine, 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine |
| proline |
glutamic semialdehyde,
4-hydroxyproline, 5-hydroxyproline |
| pyroglutamic
acid, 2-pyrrolidone, hydro-peroxides |
| threonine |
2-amino-3-ketobutyric acid |
| tryptophan |
2-hydroxy-tryptophan, 4-hydroxy-tryptophan |
| 5-hydroxy-tryptophan, 6-hydroxy-tryptophan |
| 7-hydroxy-tryptophan, n-formyl-kynurenine |
| 3-hydroxy-kynurenine, kynurenine |
| 6-nitro-tryptophan, tryptophan-tryptophan cross-linkages |
| hydro-peroxides |
| tyrosine |
3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine, 3-nitro-tyrosine,
3-chloro-tyrosine |
| 3,5-dichloro-tyrosine,
tyrosine–tyrosine cross-linkages |
| tyrosine-oxygen-tyrosine,
2,3-dihydroxy-phenylalanine |
| hydro-peroxides |
| (2) Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation
of Amino Acid Residues in Proteins400
|
| histidine |
aspartate, asparagine, oxo-histidine |
| proline |
hydroxy-proline, glutamate,
γ-glutamyl-semialdehyde |
| arginine |
γ-glutamyl-semialdehyde |
| lysine |
amino-adipic-semialdehyde |
| threonine |
amino-ketobutyrate |
| tyrosine |
Tyr–Tyr (dityrosine) |
| cysteine |
ESESE (disulfide cross-links) |
