Table 4.
Factors associated with referral for transplantation in Canadian Provinces (Cox multivariable regression model)
| Variable | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Province of residence | ||
| British Columbia | 1.34 (1.18 to 1.52) | <0.001 |
| Alberta | 1.64 (1.43 to 1.89) | <0.001 |
| Saskatchewan | 1.60 (1.29 to 1.97) | <0.001 |
| Manitoba | 1.74 (1.47 to 2.07) | <0.001 |
| Ontario (reference) | 1.0 | |
| Atlantic Provinces | 0.61 (0.49 to 0.75) | <0.001 |
| Age, yr | ||
| 18.0–40.0 | 1.52 (1.33 to 1.74) | <0.001 |
| 40.1–50.0 | 1.15 (1.02 to 1.30) | 0.03 |
| 50.1–60.0 (reference) | 1.0 | |
| 60.1–65.0 | 0.81 (0.71 to 0.92) | 0.001 |
| 65.1–70.0 | 0.50 (0.43 to 0.59) | <0.001 |
| 70.1–75.0 | 0.22 (0.18 to 0.27) | <0.001 |
| >75.0 | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) | <0.001 |
| Female sex (reference “male”) | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.97) | 0.01 |
| Race | ||
| White (reference) | 1.0 | |
| Asian | 1.17 (0.99 to 1.38) | 0.07 |
| Black | 1.10 (0.91 to 1.33) | 0.34 |
| Indian subcontinent | 1.26 (1.06 to 1.50) | 0.01 |
| Aboriginal | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.23) | 0.56 |
| Other | 1.30 (1.10 to 1.53) | 0.002 |
| Cause of ESKD | ||
| Diabetes (reference) | 1.0 | |
| Glomerular disease | 1.30 (1.16 to 1.46) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1.20 (1.02 to 1.41) | 0.03 |
| Polycystic | 1.03 (0.84 to 1.25) | 0.80 |
| Urologic disease | 0.80 (0.59 to 1.08) | 0.15 |
| Other | 0.76 (0.65 to 0.89) | 0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.03 (0.84 to 1.26) | 0.76 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||
| ≤18.0 | 0.83 (0.62 to 1.10) | 0.20 |
| 18.1–25.0 (reference) | 1.0 | |
| 25.1–30.0 | 1.20 (1.08 to 1.34) | 0.001 |
| 30.1–35.0 | 1.23 (1.08 to 1.40) | 0.002 |
| >35.0 | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.13) | 0.72 |
| Comorbid disease conditions | ||
| 0 (reference) | 1.0 | |
| 1 | 0.71 (0.64 to 0.79) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 0.72 (0.63 to 0.83) | <0.001 |
| 3 or more | 0.47 (0.39 to 0.58) | <0.001 |
| Serum albumin, g/L | ||
| ≤27.0 | 0.91 (0.80 to 1.05) | 0.19 |
| 27.1–32.0 (reference) | 1.0 | |
| 32.1–37.0 | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.33) | 0.02 |
| >37.0 | 1.14 (0.99 to 1.31) | 0.07 |
| Current smoker (reference “no”) | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.05) | 0.26 |
| Prior kidney transplant (reference “no”) | 1.01 (0.80 to 1.30) | 0.91 |
| Duration of predialysis care, yr | ||
| 0 | 0.91 (0.77 to 1.07) | 0.27 |
| 0.1–6 (reference) | 1.0 | |
| 6.1–12.0 | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.04) | 0.14 |
| 12.1–24.0 | 0.72 (0.61 to 0.84) | <0.001 |
| 24.1–36.0 | 0.74 (0.63 to 0.88) | 0.001 |
| >36.0 | 0.73 (0.65 to 0.83) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis type | ||
| Conventional hemodialysis (reference) | 1.0 | |
| Daily hemodialysis | 0.69 (0.40 to 1.20) | 0.19 |
| Nocturnal hemodialysis | 1.22 (0.63 to 2.37) | 0.56 |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.02) | 0.12 |
| Kidney transplantation at dialysis center (reference “yes”) | 1.05 (0.80 to 1.38) | 0.73 |
| Distance from dialysis to transplant center, km | ||
| 0 (reference) | 1.0 | |
| 0.1–30.0 | 0.79 (0.60 to 1.04) | 0.10 |
| 30.1–100. 0 | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.29) | 0.86 |
| >100.0 | 0.72 (0.54 to 0.95) | 0.02 |
| Median neighborhood income (Canadian dollars) | ||
| Q1 ≤$50,900 | 0.88 (0.76 to 1.02) | 0.09 |
| Q2 $50,901–59, 01 | 0.96 (0.83 to 1.11) | 0.59 |
| Q3 $59,202–67,835 | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.09) | 0.47 |
| Q4 $67,836–81,149 | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.12) | 0.76 |
| Q5 ≥$81,150 (reference) | 1.0 |
Q, quintile.