TABLE 2—

Two-Stage Least Squares Estimates of Equation 1 Using the Balanced Panel of Continuum of Care Areas: United States, 2007–2017

	Independent Variable, b (95% CI)
Dependent Variable	The Instrument for Cumulative VASH Awards/100 000, OLS	Cumulative VASH Awards/100 000, 2SLS	R2
(1) Cumulative VASH awards/100 000	0.480 (0.350, 0.609)		0.798
(2) Permanent supportive housing beds/100 000		0.897 (0.564, 1.230)	0.945
(3) Homeless veterans/100 000		−1.080 (−1.365, −0.794)	0.499
(4) Sheltered homeless veterans/100 000		−0.486 (−0.680, −0.291)	0.650
(5) Unsheltered homeless veterans/100 000		−0.594 (−0.906, −0.281)	0.475
(6) Chronically homeless/100 000		−0.655 (−1.005, −0.305)	0.745
(7) Total homeless/100 000		−1.171 (−2.787, 0.445)	0.863

Note. 2SLS = 2-stage least squares; CI = confidence interval; OLS = ordinary least squares; VASH = Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing. All models used a balanced panel of 350 Continuum of Care areas from 2007 to 2017 for a total of 3850 observations. Other covariates in the model included year and Continuum of Care fixed effects, total permanent supportive housing awarded to a Continuum of Care by Housing and Urban Development per 100 000, the county unemployment rate, per-capita income, and median rent for a 1-bedroom apartment. All dollar values are in real 2017 dollars. Confidence intervals are calculated allowing the errors in the model to have an arbitrary correlation at the Continuum of Care level. All models are weighted by the Continuum of Care population.