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. 2019 Aug 29;7:565. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00565

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Aspects of thermal properties of wood—(A) Illustration of the irreversible thermal deformation of a moisture-plasticized tree trunk under the influence of high-pressure steam and pressure (Ito et al., 1998); (B) Glass-to-rubber transitions (Tg) of two moisture-plasticized solid wood slices (spruce and beech) recorded by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealing the Tg of native lignin (α1), native carbohydrates (α2), and moisture exchange (β) (Kelley et al., 1987); and (C) generic proposed model of the lignin-carbohydrate copolymer architecture according to Košikova et al. (1978).