Table 2:
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Entire Sample and Split Based on ASD Diagnosis (mean±std, unless noted otherwise)
| Entire Sample n=186 |
No-ASD n=156 |
ASD n=30 |
Statistic | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 11.7±2.8 | 11.6±2.9 | 12.5±2.6 | Wilcoxon = 3239.0 | 0.11 |
| Tanner Stage (%) I/II/III/IV/V | 36/19/12/17/17 | 43/13/13/20/11 | 23/27/20/10/20 | Fisher’s Exact | 0.04 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | Fisher’s Exact | 0.20 | |||
| White | 154 (83) | 126 (81) | 28 (93) | ||
| African American | 22 (12) | 21 (14) | 1 (3) | ||
| Hispanic | 6 (3) | 6 (4) | 0 | ||
| Other | 3 (2) | 2 (1) | 1 (3) | ||
| Height Z-scorea | 0.18±0.97 | 0.14±0.95 | 0.33±1.06 | Wilcoxon = 3007.0 | 0.46 |
| BMI Z-score a | 0.55±1.00 | 0.55±1.01 | 0.50±1.02 | Wilcoxon = 2832 | 0.92 |
| Testosterone, ng/dLb | 182.9±205.6 | 189.4±209.3 | 152.4±187.6 | Wilcoxon = 2240.0 | 0.91 |
| Physical Activity | 2.4±1.2 | 2.6±1.1 | 1.6±1.2 | Wilcoxon = 1540.5 | 0.0001 |
| Dietary Calcium Intake, mg/day | 1021±373 | 1007±373 | 1097±371 | Wilcoxon = 2610 | 0.25 |
| Dietary Vitamin D Intake, IU/day | 280±151 | 269±247 | 340±255 | Wilcoxon = 2627 | 0.22 |
| Multivitamin Use, n (%) | 35 (19) | 23 (15) | 12 (40) | χ2= 10.37 | 0.0013 |
| Bone Fractures, n (%)c | 40 (23) | 35 (24) | 5 (18) | χ2= 0.55 | 0.46 |
| Age at Bone Fracture, yrs | 7.2±4.4 | 7.4±4.6 | 5.5±2.9 | Wilcoxon = 56.0 | 0.51 |
ASD: Autism Spectrum Disorder.
a
Age-sex-specific body mass index (BMI) Z-scores generated based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention normative data.
b
Total testosterone was measured in 161 participants. It was detectable in 133 No-ASD and 28 ASD participants.
c
Data missing for 14 participants.
Significant results (p<0.05) are bolded and marginally significant results (p<0.10) are bolded and italicized.