. 2019 Sep 4;154(11):e193348. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.3348

Table 2. Multivariable Modified Poisson Regression Analysis of the Association Between Patient and Treatment Characteristics and Moderate to Severe ESAS Score in the 12 Months Following Surgery for All Symptoms.

Characteristic	RR (95% CI)
Characteristic	Anxiety	Depression	Drowsiness	Lack of Appetite	Nausea	Pain	Shortness of Breath	Tiredness	Well-being
Age category, y
<55	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
55-64	0.81 (0.62-1.06)	0.90 (0.64-1.26)	0.81 (0.60-1.11)	1.07 (0.83-1.31)	0.68 (0.46-0.99)^a	0.97 (0.71-1.32)	1.03 (0.63-1.69)	0.86 (0.69-1.06)	0.95 (0.76-1.20)
65-74	0.79 (0.61-1.02)	0.75 (0.54-1.05)	0.82 (0.60-1.11)	1.09 (0.86-1.23)	0.63 (0.43-0.93)^a	0.76 (0.55-1.05)	0.94 (0.57-1.54)	0.91 (0.74-1.11)	1.01 (0.81-1.26)
≥75	0.74 (0.54-1.03)	0.74 (0.49-1.12)	0.87 (0.62-1.23)	1.21 (0.92-1.59)	0.56 (0.34-0.92)^a	0.79 (0.54-1.15)	1.45 (0.84-2.52)	0.99 (0.78-1.25)	0.99 (0.76-1.28)
Sex
Male	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Female	1.50 (1.24-1.82)^a	1.32 (1.03-1.68)^a	1.19 (0.97-1.46)	1.31 (1.11-1.53)^a	1.53 (1.14-2.04)^a	1.25 (1.00-1.56)^a	0.84 (0.61-1.16)^a	1.17 (1.02-1.35)^a	1.23 (1.06-1.43)^a
Income quintile
First (lowest)	1.08 (0.77-1.53)	1.18 (0.77-1.79)	1.22 (0.84-1.77)	0.96 (0.75-1.25)	1.05 (0.65-1.71)	1.55 (1.08-2.24)^a	1.09 (0.65-1.81)	1.15 (0.91-1.45)	0.94 (0.73-1.22)
Second	1.23 (0.90-1.67)	1.22 (0.82-1.81)	1.33 (0.95-1.85)	0.97 (0.76-1.18)	1.41 (0.88-2.26)	1.46 (1.02-2.09)^a	1.15 (0.71-1.88)	1.10 (0.88-1.38)	1.08 (0.86-1.36)
Third	1.10 (0.82-1.49)	1.14 (0.79-1.65)	1.30 (0.93-1.83)	0.84 (0.67-1.06)	1.29 (0.83-2.01)	1.15 (0.81-1.61)	0.95 (0.58-1.55)	1.10 (0.88-1.37)	0.97 (0.77-1.21)
Fourth	1.14 (0.84-1.53)	1.10 (0.75-1.62)	1.28 (0.92-1.78)	0.87 (0.69-1.11)	1.42 (0.90-2.23)	1.28 (0.90-1.82)	1.17 (0.72-1.89)	1.03 (0.82-1.30)	0.98 (0.78-1.23)
Fifth (highest)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Residence
Urban	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Rural	0.76 (0.55-1.04)	0.85 (0.57-1.28)	0.68 (0.47-0.97)^a	1.04 (0.81-1.32)	0.67 (0.40-1.13)	0.73 (0.51-1.06)	0.69 (0.39-1.24)	0.83 (0.66-1.05)	0.79 (0.61-1.03)
Immigration status
Nonimmigrants	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Immigrants	1.00 (0.67-1.50)	1.00 (0.64-1.58)	0.49 (0.26-0.93)^a	1.06 (0.75-1.49)	1.20 (0.71-2.02)	1.21 (0.82-1.79)	0.72 (0.35-1.47)	0.89 (0.66-1.05)	1.05 (0.77-1.45)
Comorbidity burden
Low (ADG <10)	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
High (ADG ≥10)	1.19 (0.98-1.44)	1.22 (0.96-1.57)	1.09 (0.88-1.34)	1.11 (0.95-1.30)	1.10 (0.82-1.48)	1.20 (0.96-1.51)	1.35 (0.99-1.85)	1.17 (1.02-1.35)	1.13 (0.97-1.31)
Year of surgery
2009-2012	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
2013-2016	0.95 (0.78-1.15)	1.05 (0.82-1.35)	1.09 (0.88-1.34)	0.81 (0.69-0.95)^a	0.84 (0.63-1.12)	0.94 (0.75-1.18)	0.94 (0.68-1.29)	0.97 (0.84-1.12)	0.99 (0.85-1.16)
Month from surgery
1	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
2	0.92 (0.72-1.17)	0.86 (0.63-1.16)	0.54 (0.41-0.72)^a	0.80 (0.66-0.98)^a	0.85 (0.55-1.33)	0.72 (0.50-1.04)	0.93 (0.54-1.58)	0.71 (0.60-0.84)^a	0.83 (0.69-1.00)^a
3	0.71 (0.55-0.92)^a	0.69 (0.49-0.96)^a	0.48 (0.36-0.64)^a	0.58 (0.47-0.72)^a	0.73 (0.46-1.15)	0.66 (0.44-0.98)^a	0.65 (0.36-1.16)	0.58 (0.48-0.69)^a	0.62 (0.51-0.76)^a
4	0.58 (0.44-0.76)^a	0.67 (0.47-0.96)^a	0.57 (0.42-0.76^a)	0.52 (0.41-0.66)^a	0.72 (0.45-1.14)	0.76 (0.51-1.13)	0.72 (0.40-1.28)	0.54 (0.44-0.65)^a	0.58 (0.47-0.72)^a
5	0.57 (0.43-0.75)^a	0.71 (0.50-1.00)^a	0.56 (0.42-0.75)^a	0.51 (0.40-0.64)^a	0.67 (0.42-1.06)	0.76 (0.51-1.13)	0.81 (0.45-1.47)	0.60 (0.50-0.72)^a	0.56 (0.45-0.69)^a
6	0.52 (0.39-0.70)^a	0.70 (0.49-0.99)^a	0.49 (0.37-0.66)^a	0.46 (0.36-0.58)^a	0.64 (0.40-1.03)	0.74 (0.50-1.09)	0.81 (0.45-1.46)	0.54 (0.45-0.65)^a	0.55 (0.45-0.69)^a
7	0.52 (0.39-0.69)^a	0.65 (0.46-0.91)^a	0.46 (0.34-0.63)^a	0.42 (0.33-0.54)^a	0.59 (0.35-0.97)^a	0.69 (0.47-1.03)	0.65 (0.37-1.14)	0.48 (0.40-0.59)^a	0.53 (0.43-0.66)^a
8	0.49 (0.37-0.65)^a	0.68 (0.48-0.96)^a	0.55 (0.42-0.74)^a	0.43 (0.34-0.55)^a	0.70 (0.43-1.14)	0.78 (0.54-1.14)	0.62 (0.34-1.15)	0.51 (0.42-0.62)^a	0.48 (0.39-0.60)^a
9	0.57 (0.43-0.75)^a	0.75 (0.54-1.06)	0.50 (0.37-0.67)^a	0.50 (0.39-0.64)^a	0.57 (0.34-0.98)^a	0.69 (0.46-1.06)	0.60 (0.32-1.12)	0.51 (0.42-0.63)^a	0.51 (0.41-0.63)^a
10	0.59 (0.44-0.80)^a	0.78 (0.55-1.11)	0.51 (0.38-0.70)^a	0.46 (0.35-0.61)^a	0.61 (0.36-1.06)	0.97 (0.65-1.43)	0.76 (0.42-1.39)	0.53 (0.43-0.65)^a	0.61 (0.49-0.75)^a
11	0.68 (0.51-0.92)^a	0.80 (0.56-1.14)	0.49 (0.35-0.67)^a	0.45 (0.34-0.60)^a	0.49 (0.28-0.87)^a	0.73 (0.47-1.12)	0.80 (0.43-1.47)	0.56 (0.46-0.70)^a	0.54 (0.43-0.68)^a
12	0.65 (0.49-0.87)^a	0.78 (0.55-1.10)	0.50 (0.36-0.69)^a	0.45 (0.35-0.58)^a	0.62 (0.37-1.06)	1.22 (0.84-1.78)	0.73 (0.40-1.35)	0.55 (0.45-0.67)^a	0.57 (0.45-0.71)^a
Chemotherapy received 2 wk before ESAS assessment
No	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Yes	0.93 (0.81-1.06)	0.98 (0.84-1.14)	1.15 (0.99-1.33)	1.00 (0.88-1.14)	1.13 (0.92-1.40)	0.86 (0.74-1.01)	1.02 (0.81-1.29)	1.08 (0.98-1.19)	1.05 (0.95-1.15)

Abbreviations: ADG, aggregated diagnosis group; ESAS, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System; RR, relative risk.

^{^a}

Statistically significant (P < .05).