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. 2019 Jul 22;30(16):2014–2024. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E19-01-0059

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© 2019 Nickaeen et al. “ASCB®,” “The American Society for Cell Biology®,” and “Molecular Biology of the Cell®” are registered trademarks of The American Society for Cell Biology.

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FIGURE 9: — Comparison of the simulation results from models with three different locations of NPFs: solid lines, two-ring model with NPFs at the base and tip of the invagination; dashed line, one-ring model in which all NPFs stay at the base of the invagination; and gray dashed line, one-ring model with all NFPs at the tip. Time zero is the peak of actin assembly in the two-ring model. Time dependencies for pushing force (A), elongation speed (C), and tubule length (B) are shown for elongating invaginations with fixed threshold corresponding to turgor pressure ≈7 atm.