Table 1. Baseline Characteristics and Echocardiographic Measurements by High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Concentration at Visit 5a.
| Variable | hs-cTnT Category, Mean (SD) | P Valueb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 (n = 413) | Group 2 (n = 1179) | Group 3 (n = 935) | Group 4 (n = 894) | Group 5 (n = 690) | Trend | Adjusted for Trend | |
| hs-cTnT range, ng/L | |||||||
| Women | <5 | 5-7 | 8-9 | 10-13 | ≥14 | NA | NA |
| Men | <5 | 5-9 | 10-14 | 15-21 | ≥22 | NA | NA |
| Age, y | 72.7 (3.7) | 74.1 (4.2) | 75.4 (4.9) | 76.6 (4.9) | 78.1 (5.3) | <.001 | NA |
| Male sex | 61 (14.8) | 418 (35.5) | 469 (50.2) | 335 (37.5) | 242 (35.1) | <.001 | NA |
| White race | 355 (86.0) | 953 (80.8) | 756 (80.9) | 663 (74.2) | 488 (70.7) | <.001 | NA |
| Ever hypertension | 264 (63.9) | 859 (72.9) | 752 (80.4) | 758 (84.8) | 628 (91.0) | <.001 | NA |
| Ever diabetes | 90 (21.8) | 323 (27.4) | 311 (33.3) | 338 (37.8) | 294 (42.6) | <.001 | NA |
| Current smoking | 45 (11.0) | 63 (5.4) | 53 (5.8) | 42 (4.8) | 33 (4.9) | .001 | NA |
| BMI | 27.3 (5.1) | 28.1 (5.1) | 28.4 (5.2) | 29.1 (5.8) | 29.1 (6.1) | <.001 | NA |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||||
| Diastolic | 67.2 (9.9) | 68.1 (9.8) | 66.9 (10.4) | 66.6 (10.4) | 66.7 (10.8) | .006 | NA |
| Systolic | 127 (17) | 129 (17) | 130 (17) | 131 (17) | 134 (19) | <.001 | NA |
| Heart rate, min | 62.6 (8.9) | 62.0 (9.9) | 61.3 (10.0) | 63.0 (10.5) | 63.6 (10.6) | .002 | NA |
| eGFR, mL/min | 79 (12) | 75 (14) | 72 (15) | 70 (17) | 62 (19) | <.001 | NA |
| HbA1c, No. (%) | 5.7 (0.5) | 5.8 (0.6) | 5.9 (0.8) | 6.0 (0.9) | 6.1 (1.1) | <.001 | NA |
| NT−proBNP, ng/L, median (IQR) | 83 (46-148) | 85 (48-157) | 113 (60-199) | 124 (69-228) | 175 (91-361) | <.001 | NA |
| Echocardiographic measurements | |||||||
| LV septal WT, cm | 0.99 (0.008) | 1.01 (0.004) | 1.02 (0.005) | 1.04 (0.005) | 1.08 (0.006) | <.001 | <.001 |
| LV posterior WT, cm | 0.89 (0.006) | 0.90 (0.004) | 0.91 (0.004) | 0.93 (0.004) | 0.96 (0.005) | <.001 | <.001 |
| LVEDD | 4.28 (0.02) | 4.31 (0.01) | 4.33 (0.01) | 4.41 (0.01) | 4.42 (0.02) | <.001 | .06 |
| LV mass, g | 131.4 (1.8) | 136.1 (1.1) | 139.2 (1.2) | 147.9 (1.2) | 156.5 (1.4) | <.001 | <.001 |
| LV mass index, g/m2.7 | 33.8 (0.5) | 35.1 (0.3) | 36.1 (0.3) | 38.0 (0.3) | 40.1 (0.4) | <.001 | <.001 |
| LV hypertrophy | 8.4 (1.3) | 10.9 (0.9) | 13.8 (1.2) | 20.8 (1.4) | 27.9 (1.8) | <.001 | <.001 |
| LV relative WT | 0.42 (0.004) | 0.42 (0.002) | 0.42 (0.002) | 0.42 (0.002) | 0.44 (0.003) | <.001 | <.001 |
| LVEDV index, mL/m2 | 41.9 (0.5) | 42.3 (0.3) | 42.9 (0.3) | 43.4 (0.3) | 44.5 (0.4) | <.001 | <.001 |
| LVEF, % | 66.3 (0.3) | 66.1 (0.2) | 66.2 (0.2) | 65.8 (0.2) | 65.5 (0.2) | .005 | .33 |
| GLS, % | −18.3 (0.1) | −18.3 (0.1) | −18.4 (0.1) | −18.2 (0.1) | −17.8 (0.1) | <.001 | .47 |
| GCS, % | −28.1 (0.2) | −28.0 (0.1) | −28.2 (0.1) | −28.0 (0.1) | −27.8 (0.2) | .40 | .72 |
| TDI e', cm/s | 6.00 (0.07) | 5.84 (0.04) | 5.78 (0.05) | 5.58 (0.05) | 5.54 (0.06) | <.001 | <.001 |
| E/e' ratio | 11.4 (0.2) | 11.5 (0.1) | 11.8 (0.1) | 12.4 (0.1) | 12.9 (0.1) | <.001 | <.001 |
| LAVi, mL/m2 | 23.4 (0.4) | 23.6 (0.2) | 24.6 (0.2) | 25.2 (0.2) | 26.4 (0.3) | <.001 | <.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GCS, global circumferential strain; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; hs-cTnT, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T; IQR, interquartile range; LAVi, left atrial volume index; LV, left ventricular; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NA, not applicable; NT-proBNP, amino-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide; TDI, tissue Doppler imaging; WT, wall thickness.
Values are presented as mean (SD), No. (%), or median (IQR) for baseline characteristics, and as mean or proportion (SE) adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and sex for echocardiographic measurements.
P value is for trend from group 1 to group 5. Adjusted P value is adjusted for BMI, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, SBP, heart rate, eGFR, and NT-proBNP, in addition to age, sex, and race/ethnicity.