Table 2.
Sociodemographic Moderators of Associations Between Perceived Environmental Factors and PA (IPS: 2002–2003)
| Meets high PA levelsa | Meets minimum PAGb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | P | B (SE) | P | |
| Models without interactionsc | ||||
| Aged | −0.21 (0.02) | <.0001 | −0.22 (0.03) | <.0001 |
| Female | −0.22 (0.02) | <.0001 | −0.09 (0.03) | .0006 |
| High education | −0.15 (0.02) | <.0001 | −0.03 (0.03) | .38 |
| High residential density | −0.07 (0.03) | .005 | −0.05 (0.03) | .09 |
| Presence of shops near home | 0.06 (0.03) | .03 | 0.11 (0.03) | .002 |
| Presence of transit stops near home | −0.04 (0.04) | .29 | 0.01 (0.04) | .74 |
| Presence of sidewalks | 0.03 (0.03) | .28 | 0.18 (0.04) | <.0001 |
| Presence of bicycle facilities | 0.13 (0.02) | <.0001 | 0.07 (0.03) | .03 |
| Presence of recreational facilities | 0.04 (0.02) | .11 | 0.009 (0.03) | .78 |
| Safety from crime | −0.03 (0.02) | .21 | 0.03 (0.03) | .31 |
| Models for environmental index without interactionsc,e | ||||
| Aged | −0.20 (0.02) | <.0001 | −0.22 (0.03) | <.0001 |
| Female | −0.43 (0.04) | <.0001 | −0.18 (0.06) | .001 |
| High education | −0.29 (0.05) | <.0001 | −0.05 (0.06) | .40 |
| Safety from crime | −0.03 (0.05) | .55 | 0.07 (0.06) | .22 |
| Environmental indexd | 0.11 (0.02) | <.0001 | 0.17 (0.03) | <.0001 |
| Models with significant interactionsc | ||||
| Aged | −0.21 (0.02) | <.0001 | −0.22 (0.03) | <.0001 |
| Female | −0.59 (0.06) | <.0001 | −0.06 (0.16) | .70 |
| High education | −0.18 (0.06) | .006 | −0.53 (0.16) | .0009 |
| High residential density | −0.14 (0.05) | .006 | −0.12 (0.06) | .07 |
| Shops near home | 0.11 (0.06) | .04 | 0.22 (0.07) | .002 |
| Transit stops near home | −0.07 (0.07) | .35 | −0.16 (0.17) | .34 |
| Sidewalks present | 0.06 (0.06) | .31 | 0.36 (0.07) | <.0001 |
| Bicycle facilities present | 0.27 (0.05) | <.0001 | 0.13 (0.06) | .03 |
| Recreational facilities present | 0.08 (0.05) | .10 | 0.03 (0.06) | .64 |
| Safety from crime | −0.11 (0.07) | .13 | −0.09 (0.08) | .26 |
| Safety from crime × education | −0.24 (0.08) | .004 | - | - |
| Safety from crime × gender | 0.31 (0.08) | .0002f | 0.28 (0.11) | .02 |
| Presence of transit stops × gender | - | - | −0.32 (0.16) | .04 |
| Presence of transit stops × education | - | - | 0.55 (0.17) | .001f |
Abbreviations: IPS, International Prevalence Study; PA, physical activity; PAG, physical activity guidelines.
Reported vigorous PA on ≥3 days, achieving ≥1500 metabolic equivalent-minutes per week or ≥7 days of any combination of walking or moderate or vigorous PA, achieving ≥3000 metabolic equivalent-minutes per week.
Reported ≥75 minutes per week of vigorous PA, or ≥150 minutes per week of moderate PA, or any equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous PA.
Models are weighted and adjusted for country site.
Variables were standardized to have a mean = 0 and SD = 1.
Because of multicollinearity with the environment variables, the index was tested in a separate model with the sociodemographic and “safety from crime” variables only.
Interactions significant at Bonferroni-adjusted P value of .002.