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. 2019 Aug 29;10:1996. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01996

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Copyright © 2019 Ayoola, Shack, Nakamya, Thornton, Swiatlo and Nanduri.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Impaired polyamine synthesis results in increased carbon flow through the PPP. RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis of S. pneumoniae TIGR4 that harbors a gene deletion in a putative lysine decarboxylase identified significant upregulation of genes (italicized, blue) in carbohydrate metabolism that indicate increased G3P, an intermediate of glycolysis, and its utilization in PPP. Enzymatic reactions are shown as black arrows and multi-step reactions are represented by a broken arrow. Increased expression of genes in metabolic pathways catalyzing the conversion of galactose (SP_0645-7, lacDCBA), fructose (SP_0877), fucose (fucA, SP_2167), and GlcNAc1P (nagA, nagB) to G3P with concomitant higher expression of transketolase C and N subunits (tktC, tktN) supports the increased metabolic flux through PPP.