Table 1.
Comparison of patient characteristics and medications according to chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage
| CKD stage | All | G1 + G2 | G3 | G4 | G5 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 207 | 46 | 50 | 51 | 60 | |
| Number of samples | 305 | 59 | 65 | 70 | 111 | |
| Age (yr) | 64.7 ± 16.1 | 49.2 ± 18.1* | 68.0 ± 11.5 | 71.1 ± 12.1 | 68.4 ± 13.4 | *P < 0.001 vs. G3, G4 and G5 |
| Male | 139 (67.1) | 24 (52.2) | 35 (70.0) | 37 (72.5) | 43 (71.7) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 5.1 | 23.4 ± 4.8 | 24.1 ± 5.1 | 23.6 ± 3.8 | 24.0 ± 6.3 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 75 (36.2) | 9 (19.6) | 20 (40.0) | 22 (43.1) | 24 (40.0) | |
| Corticosteroid | 30 (14.5) | 13 (28.3) | 9 (18.0) | 5 (9.8) | 3 (5.0)* | *P < 0.05 vs. G1 + G2 |
| β-blocker | 46 (22.2) | 1 (2.2) | 7 (14.0) | 15 (29.4)* | 23 (38.3)** | *P < 0.005 vs. G1 + G2, **P < 0.001 vs. G1 + G2, P < 0.05 vs. G3 |
| Renin–angiotensin system inhibitor | 131 (63.3) | 19 (41.3)* | 31 (62.0) | 38 (74.5) | 43 (71.7) | *P < 0.01 vs. G4, P < 0.05 vs. G5 |
| Aldosterone receptor antagonist | 7 (3.4) | 1 (2.2) | 2 (4.0) | 3 (5.9) | 1 (1.7) | |
| Loop diuretics | 64 (30.9) | 0 (0.0)* | 14 (28.0) | 19 (37.3) | 31 (51.7) | *P < 0.001 vs. G3, G4, and G5 |
| Thiazide diuretics | 16 (7.7) | 2 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.9) | 12 (20.0)* | *P < 0.005 vs. G3 |
| Sodium bicarbonate | 37 (17.9) | 2 (4.3) | 6 (12.0) | 7(13.7) | 22 (36.7)* | *P < 0.001 vs. G1 + G2, P < 0.05 vs. G3 |
| Potassium binder | 23 (11.1) | 1 (2.2) | 3 (6.0) | 5 (9.8) | 14 (23.3)* | *P < 0.01 vs. G1 + G2 |
| Phosphate binder | 10 (4.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 9 (15.0)* | *P < 0.05 vs. G1 + G2 and G3 |
Data are presented as number only, mean ± standard deviation, or number (%).