Table 1.

Risk factors and etiologies of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with cancer

Patient-specific risk factors	Cancer-related risk factors
Age > 65 yr	Neutropenia and resulting sepsis
Underlying CKD	Post-nephrectomy for RCC
Diabetes mellitus	Hematological cancers
Potential nephrotoxin medications (NSAIDs, ACEi, ARBs)	Urinary tract obstruction
	Post-HSCT
Comorbid conditions (such as cirrhosis, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome)	Thrombotic microangiopathy
	Tumor lysis syndrome
	Hypercalcemia
	Paraneoplastic glomerular diseases
	Chemotherapy toxicities

Individual risk for acute kidney injury is due to a combination of host and cancer-related factors.

ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; RCC, renal cell cancer.