Table 1.
Distribution of demographic and clinical characteristics by CYP2C9*2 430C>T, VKORC1 4719T>C and VKORC1-1639G>A single nucleotide polymorphisms among Blacks: The Grady Coumadin Study, Atlanta, Georgia, 2005–2006.
| CYP2C9*2 | VKORC1 4719T>C | VKORC1–1639G>A | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variant allele C/T | Reference allele T/T | Variant allele T/C | Reference allele T/T | Variant alleles G/A or A/A combined | Reference allele G/G | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Subjects, no. (%) | 8 (4.2) | 184 (95.8) | 7 (3.2) | 213 (96.8) | 51 (24) | 165 (76) |
| Male, no. (%) | 4 (50.0) | 100 (54.4) | 4 (57.1) | 120 (56.3) | 31 (61) | 88 (53) |
| Age, mean (SD; years) | 57.4 (8.81) | 58.5 (12.2) | 61.4 (15.8) | 58.5 (12.0) | 59.2 (11.9) | 58.5 (12.3) |
| 6-month follow-up (days) | ||||||
| Mean | 181 | 181 | 180 | 181 | 180.5 | 182 |
| Median | 182 | 183.5 | 188 | 183 | 182 | 185 |
| Range | 168–189 | 34–273 | 34–273 | 50–270 | 50–219 | 34–273 |
| 1-year follow-up (days) | ||||||
| Mean | 369 | 358 | 347 | 360 | 357 | 361 |
| Median | 364 | 364 | 361 | 364 | 364 | 364 |
| Range | 361–392 | 258–406 | 266–385 | 258–406 | 262–384 | 258–406 |
| Warfarin complications, no. (%) | ||||||
| Serious bleeding | 2 (25.0) | 15(8.2) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (8.5) | 6(12) | 13(8) |
| Thrombosis | 0 (0.0) | 7 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (3.8) | 1 (2) | 6(4) |
| Indications for warfarin, no. (%) | ||||||
| Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter | 1 (12.5) | 73 (39.7) | 7 (100.0)† | 76 (35.7) | 21 (41) | 60 (36) |
| Coronary arterial disease | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.54) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.47) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy/congestive heart failure | 0 (0.0) | 15(8.2) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (8.0) | 3 (6) | 14 (8) |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 2 (25.0) | 18 (9.8) | 0 (0.0) | 26 (12.2) | 9 (18) | 16(10) |
| DVT/PE | 4 (50.0) | 56 (30.4) | 0 (0.0) | 69 (32.4) | 12 (24) | 56 (34) |
| Left ventricular thrombus | 0 (0.0) | 6 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 6(2.8) | 2 (4) | 5(3) |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 0 (0.0) | 2(1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.94) | 0 (0.0) | 2(1) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.54) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.47) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) |
| Valve replacement/repair | 1 (12.5) | 31 (16.9) | 1 (14.3) | 34 (16.0) | 6(12) | 28 (17) |
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.54) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.94) | 0 (0.0) | 2(1) |
| Co-morbid conditions, no. (%) | ||||||
| Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.54) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.94) | 0 (0.0) | 2(1) |
| Arrhythmia | 1 (12.5) | 21 (11.4) | 0 (0.0) | 24 (11.3) | 7(14) | 16(10) |
| Cancer | 0 (0.0) | 14 (7.6) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (8.0) | 6(12) | 11 (7) |
| Congestive heart failure | 3(37.5) | 50 (27.2) | 3 (42.9) | 57 (26.8) | 11 (22) | 46 (28) |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 0 (0.0) | 8 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (3.8) | 3 (6) | 5(3) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (12.5) | 50 (27.2) | 2 (28.6) | 59 (27.7) | 13(25) | 47 (28) |
| Hypertension | 7(87.5) | 1 53 (83.2) | 6 (85.7) | 176 (82.6) | 43 (84) | 136 (82) |
| Valve replacement/repair | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.54) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.47) | 1 (2) | 0 (0.0) |
| History of DVT/PE | 0 (0.0) | 4(2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.9) | 1 (2) | 3(2) |
| Factor V Leiden | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.54) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.47) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) |
| Protein C or S deficiency | 0 (0.0) | 3(1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.9) | 2 (4) | 2(1) |
| Current smoker, no. (%) | 2 (25.0) | 59 (32.1) | 1 (14.3) | 68 (31.9) | 20 (39) | 49 (30) |
| Vitamin or herb intake, no. (%) | 3(37.5) | 46 (25.0) | 1 (14.3) | 54 (25.4) | 12 (24) | 40 (24) |
†
Fisher exact test, p = 0.0009.
DVT: Deep vein thrombosis; PE: Pulmonary embolism; SD: Standard deviation; VK: VKORC1 genotype.