Table 2.
Urinary phthalate metabolite and bisphenol concentrations (ug/g-creatinine) according to quartiles of percent of total energy intake from ultra-processed food, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 (n=2,212)
| Phthalate metabolite or bisphenol | Quartile 1: 0-<46.7% (n=553) | Quartile 2: 46.7-<63.1% (n=553) | Quartile 3: 63.1-<79.2% (n=553) | Quartile 4: 79.2%-100% (n=553) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Summed di(2-ethylhexyl) (∑DEHP)a | 22.7 (1.8) | 23.2 (1.1) | 24.3 (1.4) | 26.3 (1.4) | 0.08 |
| Mono-benzyl (MBzP) | 4.1 (0.3) | 3.9 (0.2) | 4.5 (0.3) | 5.6 (0.5) | 0.001 |
| Mono-(3-carboxypropyl) (MCPP) | 1.8 (0.1) | 2.1 (1.5) | 2.3 (0.2) | 2.8 (0.2) | 0.001 |
| Mono-(carboxyisononyl) (MCNP) | 2.3 (0.1) | 2.9 (0.2) | 3.0 (0.1) | 3.3 (0.2) | 0.001 |
| Mono-(carboxyisoctyl) (MCOP) | 16.7 (1.2) | 21.1 (1.5) | 21.8 (1.7) | 31.9 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| Bisphenol A | 1.2 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.9) | 1.4 (0.6) | 0.004 |
| Bisphenol F | 0.5 (0.04) | 0.4 (0.03) | 0.4 (0.03) | 0.4 (0.03) | 0.43 |
| Bisphenol S | 0.5 (0.05) | 0.5 (0.03) | 0.5 (0.05) | 0.6 (0.05) | 0.06 |
Note: Values are geometric means (standard errors) of covariate-adjusted, creatinine-standardized concentrations.
a
Molar sum of mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) (MECPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) (MEOHP), and mono(2-ethylhexyl) (MEHP) phthalates.