Table 1.
Characteristics of participants by frequency of forest walking
| Frequency of forest walking | Once a week or more | Two or three times per month | Once a month | Less than once a month | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Total, n=5,109 | 88 | (1.7) | 179 | (3.5) | 284 | (5.6) | 4,558 | (89.2) | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male, n=1,452 | 40 | (2.8) | 79 | (5.4) | 101 | (7.0) | 1,232 | (84.8) | p<0.001c) |
| Female, n=3,657 | 48 | (1.3) | 100 | (2.7) | 183 | (5.0) | 3,326 | (90.9) | |
| Age: mean ± SDa) | |||||||||
| Men, 53.6 ± 10.3 | 59.4 ± 9.2 | 59.4 ± 8.9 | 56.0 ± 10.6 | 52.8 ± 10.2 | Trend p<0.001d) | ||||
| Women, 52.1 ± 10.3 | 56.7 ± 10.1 | 57.6 ± 9.7 | 57.7 ± 10.4 | 51.5 ± 10.2 | Trend p<0.001d) | ||||
| BMI | |||||||||
| Men | Trend p=0.03e) | ||||||||
| ≥25.0 | 6 | (15.0) | 16 | (20.3) | 23 | (22.8) | 310 | (25.2) | |
| 18.5–24.99 | 32 | (80.0) | 56 | (70.9) | 74 | (73.3) | 877 | (71.2) | |
| <18.5 | 2 | ( 5.0) | 7 | (8.9) | 4 | ( 4.0) | 45 | ( 3.7) | |
| Women | Trend p=0.09e) | ||||||||
| ≥25.0 | 7 | (14.6) | 11 | (11.0) | 16 | ( 8.7) | 306 | ( 9.2) | |
| 18.5–24.99 | 32 | (66.7) | 77 | (77.0) | 145 | (79.2) | 2,444 | (73.5) | |
| <18.5 | 9 | (18.8) | 12 | (12.0) | 22 | (12.0) | 576 | (17.3) | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||||
| Men | Trend p=0.05e) | ||||||||
| Five times a week or more | 20 | (50.0) | 34 | (43.0) | 53 | (52.5) | 502 | (40.7) | |
| One to four times a week | 8 | (20.0) | 19 | (24.1) | 29 | (28.7) | 292 | (23.7) | |
| Other responses | 12 | (30.0) | 26 | (32.9) | 19 | (18.8) | 438 | (35.6) | |
| Women | Trend p=0.76e) | ||||||||
| Five times a week or more | 5 | (10.4) | 21 | (21.0) | 21 | (11.5) | 460 | (13.8) | |
| One to four times a week | 7 | (14.6) | 17 | (17.0) | 39 | (21.3) | 611 | (18.4) | |
| Other responses | 36 | (75.0) | 62 | (62.0) | 123 | (67.2) | 2,255 | (67.8) | |
| Current smokers | |||||||||
| Men | 15 | (37.5) | 15 | (19.0) | 24 | (23.8) | 298 | (24.2) | Trend p=0.52e) |
| Women | 2 | (4.2) | 7 | (7.0) | 9 | (4.9) | 235 | (7.1) | Trend p=0.34e) |
| Habitual exerciseb) | |||||||||
| Men | 34 | (85.0) | 68 | (86.1) | 62 | (61.4) | 611 | (49.6) | Trend p<0.001e) |
| Women | 41 | (85.4) | 75 | (75.0) | 134 | (73.2) | 1,661 | (49.9) | Trend p<0.001e) |
a)Standard deviation
b)Leisure time activity (once a week for 30 minutes or more)
c)Chi-squared test
d)Linear regression model
e)Mantel-Haenszel test for trend
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index