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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2019 Mar 5;12(5):415–424. doi: 10.1007/s12265-019-09879-0

Figure 2:

Figure 2:

Mediators involved due to adipokine dysregulation leading to the pathophysiology in the development of atherosclerosis.

Adipokines ➔ tumor necrosis factor – alpha (TNF-⍺); extrahepatic angiotensin (AT); retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4); fetuin-A, adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1); Mediators Impacted ➔ monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1); C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) signaling; endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS); nuclear factor-kappa light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; *Diagnostic targets ➔ genetic predisposition: adiponectin (AdipoQ gene) polymorphisms and specific microRNAs of adipokine dysregulation promoting atherosclerosis; Therapeutic target ➔ apelin; MetS link ➔ RBP-4; vSMC - vascular smooth muscle cells