Fig. 1.

PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) mediate flowering in the low red/far-red (R/FR) downstream of phytochrome B (phyB). Plants were grown for 5 days in high R/FR for complete de-etiolation and either kept in high R/FR or shifted to low R/FR on day 6 until the onset of flowering. a Twenty-two-day-old Col-0, pif3 pif4 pif5 and pif4 pif5 pif7 grown under long days (LDs) at 22 °C in high and low R/FR with flowering phenotype represented as total leaf number b, c Leaf number ratio (high vs. low R/FR) of plants phenotyped in a. d Representative image of 53-day-old Col-0, phyB and phyB pif4 pif5 pif7 under short days (SDs) at 22 °C in high R/FR and flowering phenotype represented as total leaf number e Boxplots were created using the online BoxPlotR⁸⁰; center line, median; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, 1.5× interquartile range (IQR); dots, outliers. n represents the number of plants phenotyped. Letters represent the significance groups at p value <0.01 using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test. Scale bar correspond to 1 cm