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Application of CRISPR beyond genome editing. (A) dCas9 fused with effector domains reveals gene activation/inactivation or chromatin or DNA modification of these effectors. (B) dCas9 fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) illuminates genomic loci. (C) CRISPR/Cas13 can edit RNA precisely. Mutation-specific crRNA can bind to the mutant mRNA and disrupt its functions.
