Figure 3.

Antibacterial Evaluations of GDY and GDYO

(A) Survival of E. coli after treatment with GDY or GDYO for 120 min in the dark and under visible light irradiation.

(B) Survival of E. coli and S. aureus after treatment with GDYO for 60 min in the dark and under visible light irradiation.

(C and D) Time-dependent antibacterial activity of GDY and GDYO against (C) E. coli and (D) S. aureus in the dark and under visible light irradiation, respectively.

(E) Survival of E. coli after treatment with GDYO, GDY, GO, and GN for 60 min in the dark and under visible light irradiation.

(F and G) Survival of E. coli after treatment with GDYO and GDY for 120 min under visible light irradiation (F) in different media and (G) at different pH values.

**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; ns, non-significant (one-way ANOVA).