FIGURE 5.

Schematic representation of potential immune mechanisms affected by n-3 PUFAs and exercise in CV patients (outcomes). The effect of exercise and n-3 PUFAs on NF-κB transcriptional activity. Effect of exercise is dependent on the type and intensity level of physical activity. An acute bout of exercise activates myocardial NF-κB and increases toll-like receptor 4 signaling leading to inflammation while moderate exercise reduces NF-κB signaling and activates the SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1α axis, resulting in decreased inflammation and reduced muscle loss.