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. 2019 Aug 30;10:1931. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01931

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Copyright © 2019 Norton and Ouyang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hypothetic nitrogen pools and flows of high-nitrifying (A) and low-nitrifying (B) agricultural systems. Arrows represent nitrogen inputs (green), losses (orange), and transformations (blue). HMW, high molecular weight; LMW, low molecular weight; DNRA, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium; ANRA, assimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.