Table 1.

General characteristics of participants

State	Number of localities (districts)	No. of ecological zones	No. of schools	No. of studentsa					Mean age of students ± SD
				Boys		Girls		Total	Boys	Girls
				n	%	n	%
Red Sea	10	15	55	1922	57.5	1418	42.5	3340	10.01 ± 2.27	10.08 ± 2.08
River Nile	7	16	58	2076	56.2	1619	43.8	3695	10.42 ± 2.06	10.12 ± 2.02
Kassala	11	12	60	2184	60.8	1411	39.2	3595	11.02 ± 2.54	10.43 ± 2.09
Khartoum	7	20	95	3656	60.5	2385	39.5	6041	11.33 ± 2.97	9.88 ± 1.94
Al Jazirah	8	22	106	3391	53.8	2916	46.2	6307	10.59 ± 2.26	10.19 ± 2.06
Al Qadarif	12	21	103	2564	49.3	2640	50.7	5204	11.33 ± 2.43	10.79 ± 2.22
Sennar	7	14	51	1687	55.0	1378	45.0	3065	10.84 ± 2.10	10.53 ± 2.00
Blue Nile	7	15	68	2222	57.3	1657	42.7	3879	11.07 ± 2.37	11.01 ± 2.29
White Nile	9	25	121	3757	49.7	3805	50.3	7562	10.76 ± 2.13	10.43 ± 1.95
West Kordofan	14	38	183	6254	58.9	4371	41.1	10,625	11.31 ± 2.43	10.88 ± 2.27
North Kordofan	8	13	62	2159	59.3	1481	40.7	3640	11.12 ± 2.28	10.54 ± 2.13
South Kordofan	14	36	161	4846	51.2	4615	48.8	9461	10.92 ± 2.24	10.65 ± 2.12
Northern	7	14	65	1872	48.8	1968	51.2	3840	10.55 ± 2.11	10.08 ± 1.93
Central Darfur	6	21	74	2300	52.2	2109	47.8	4409	11.71 ± 2.69	11.30 ± 2.44
East Darfur	9	16	75	2570	54.6	2135	45.4	4705	11.60 ± 2.42	11.25 ± 2.24
West Darfur	8	15	72	2371	55.2	1928	44.8	4299	11.53 ± 2.26	11.17 ± 2.35
North Darfur	18	24	116	3854	56.7	2941	43.3	6795	11.09 ± 2.42	10.78 ± 2.29
South Darfur	21	53	247	8258	56.2	6447	43.8	14,705	11.42 ± 2.35	11.24 ± 2.28
Total	183	390	1772	57,943	55.1	47,224	44.9	105,167	11.10 ± 2.41	10.70 ± 2.21

^aThe number included all the children interviewed; hence, it is larger than the number of children whose stool or urine samples were examined