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. 2019 Sep 5;19:247. doi: 10.1186/s12906-019-2666-6

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Estimates of the population parameters of bacterial species display the carrying capacity (left) in response to microdoses for E. coli (a), S. aureus (c), and P. aeruginosa (e) and the intrinsic rate of growth (right) in response to microdose for E. coli (b), S. aureus (d), and P. aeruginosa (f). Doses correspond to the percentage of arborvitae solution as indicated in Additional file 3: Table S1. Error bars are ±1 s.e.m.