|
No ulcer (n = 49,161) |
Ulcer (n = 1,690) |
P value |
% missingness |
|
Demographics |
|
|
|
|
Age (years, mean, SD) |
63.7 (17.2) |
66.5 (15.4) |
<0.001 |
0 |
Gender (% male) |
56.2 |
60 |
0.002 |
0 |
Weight (kg, mean, SD) |
83.6 (25) |
87.0 (31) |
<0.001 |
40 |
Ethnicity (%) |
|
|
<0.001 |
0 |
Asian |
2.4 |
1.6 |
|
|
Black |
9.5 |
7.5 |
|
|
Hispanic |
3.4 |
2.7 |
|
|
Other |
2.5 |
1.7 |
|
|
Unknown |
10.5 |
12.7 |
|
|
White |
71.6 |
73.8 |
|
|
Insurance status (%) |
|
|
<0.001 |
0 |
Public |
66.6 |
71.2 |
|
|
Private |
32.3 |
28.2 |
|
|
Uninsured |
1.2 |
0.5 |
|
|
Admission |
|
|
|
|
Length of stay* (days, median, IQR) |
2.1 (3) |
11.5 (16) |
<0.001 |
6 |
Time from hospital to ICU admission (days, median, IQR) |
0.03 (1) |
0.08 (3) |
<0.001 |
0 |
No prior admission with ulcer (%) |
25.4 |
33.8 |
<0.001 |
0 |
Admitting ICU ward |
NA |
NA |
<0.001 |
0 |
Stage 1 PU in first 24h (%) |
1.2 |
11.1 |
<0.001 |
NA |
Pressure reduction device |
1.2 |
65 |
<0.001 |
NA |
Time to ulcer onset* (median, IQR) |
NA |
45 (7.1) |
NA |
NA |
Ulcer healing* (%) |
NA |
29.6 |
NA |
NA |
Braden score* (median, IQR) |
15.0 (4) |
13.0 (3) |
<0.001 |
47 |
Noninvasive ventilation (%) |
3.5 |
3.4 |
<0.001 |
0 |
Mechanical ventilation (%) |
39.4 |
67.9 |
<0.001 |
0 |
Mortality within 12 months* (%) |
41.6 |
55.9 |
<0.001 |
0 |
Physiology (mean, SD) |
|
|
|
|
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) |
12.3 (13) |
9.6 (3.7) |
<0.001 |
45 |
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (mmHg) |
79 (12) |
76 (12) |
<0.001 |
44 |
Oxygen saturation (%) |
97 (2) |
97 (2) |
3 |
44 |
Arterial pO2 (mmHg) |
163 (71) |
148 (57) |
<0.001 |
67 |
Arterial pCO2 (mmHg) |
41 (9) |
41 (10) |
0.6 |
67 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) |
10.8 (1.8) |
10.3 (1.6) |
<0.001 |
6 |
Hematocrit (%) |
31.8 (5) |
30.6 (4) |
<0.001 |
37 |
White blood cell count |
11.8 (9) |
13.9 (10) |
<0.001 |
11 |
Neutrophils (%) |
78.8 (15) |
79.5 (15) |
0.45 |
11 |
Platelet count |
218 (111) |
218 (125) |
0.9 |
11 |
Blood glucose (mg/dL) |
138 (50) |
148 (57) |
<0.001 |
10 |
Sodium (mmol/L) |
138 (4) |
138 (5) |
0.1 |
1 |
Potassium (mmol/L) |
4.1 (0.6) |
4.2 (0.6) |
0.3 |
1 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) |
1.4 (1.5) |
1.8 (1.6) |
<0.001 |
1 |
BUN (mg/dl.) |
24.4 (20) |
34.7 (25) |
<0.001 |
1 |
Albumin (g/dL) |
3.1 (1.2) |
2.8 (0.6) |
<0.001 |
77 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) |
1.9 (4) |
2.6 (6) |
0.02 |
70 |
Troponin (ng/mL) |
1.2 (4) |
1.1 (4) |
0.7 |
74 |
INR |
1.5 (1) |
1.6 (1) |
<0.001 |
29 |
Chronic diseases (%) |
|
|
|
|
Diabetes |
27 |
22 |
<0.001 |
0 |
Neuropathy |
5 |
4 |
0.2 |
0 |
Peripheral vascular disease |
27 |
22 |
<0.001 |
0 |
Amputation |
0.1 |
0 |
0.7 |
0 |
Spinal cord injury |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.9 |
0 |
Coronary artery disease |
4 |
4 |
0.9 |
0 |
Leukemia |
1 |
1 |
0.5 |
0 |
Stroke |
1.5 |
15 |
0.4 |
0 |
Heart failure |
27 |
25 |
0.03 |
0 |
Anemia |
18 |
14 |
<0.001 |
0 |