Figure 3.

Comparison of brain structure volumes in MA abusers and healthy controls (CTL). Means and SE measures (error bars) are shown for the volumes of the hippocampus (a), frontal horn of the lateral ventricles (b), total cerebral gray matter (GM) (c), and total cerebral white matter (WM) (d). MA abusers show reductions in hippocampal volumes without significant reductions in gray-matter volume overall (c). They also show volume expansions in some ventricular regions (b) and increases in white-matter volume (d). e shows that mean gray-matter density in the cingulate gyrus is reduced in MA abusers (by 11.3%; p < 0.034), erasing the normal right > left asymmetry in gray-matter density that is found here and has been documented previously in healthy subjects. In agreement with the maps, this deficit pattern is not found in the adjacent medial frontal cortex.