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Chronic morphine sensitizes LC neurons to stress. A, Blood pressure (top trace) and LC discharge rate (bottom trace) in response to nitroprusside infusion (bar) in vehicle- and 7 d morphine-treated rats. Baseline rates are comparable. B, Mean effect of nitroprusside infusion on blood pressure (top) and LC discharge rate (bottom) of vehicle-treated (solid circles; n = 7) and 7 d morphine (open circles; n = 6) rats. Bars indicate SEM.
