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. 2004 Apr 7;24(14):3471–3479. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5740-03.2004

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Repeated activation of the CRF receptors in the BLA results in long-lasting increases in anxiety responses. Anxiety responses as measured by the elevated plus-maze test before and after five daily injections of Ucn into the BLA are shown. A,B, The effects of Ucn on the elevated plus-maze test measured as a percentage of open arm time (t = 26.46; p = 0.0014; n = 3) (A) and a percentage of open arm entries (t = 4.663; p = 0.04; n = 3) (B) show increases in anxiety by day 5 (Ucn, 6 fmol, after priming) compared with day 1 (Ucn, 6 fmol, before priming). C, D, Administration of Ucn daily for 5 d also elicits a significant decrease in social interaction time by day 5, compared with day 1 (C), and continues to remain decreased for an additional 5 weeks or until the animals are treated with the anxiolytic alprazolam (D) (F(3, 15) = 17.56; p = 0.00001; n = 4). Difference from day 1 (*) and from alprazolam (#) by ANOVA with student Newman–Keul's test is shown; p < 0.001.