Figure 2.

Mutant Htt promotes activation and nuclear localization of NF-κB. A, Nuclear proteins from control and IL-1β-treated striatal cells from mutant Htt KI mice were tested for binding to the oligonucleotide recognized by NF-κB. Similar results showing that nuclear extracts from KI striatal cells have elevated p65 were found in three experiments. B, The nuclear localization of the NF-κB p65 subunit is elevated in HD transgenic brain. WT and R6/2 HD transgenic mouse brains were stained with a rabbit anti-p65 antibody, and an anti-NeuN antibody was included to stain neurons. Toto-3 was used to stain nuclei. Representative confocal micrographs of cortical regions of WT and R6/2 HD mice are presented. C, Quantification of nuclear p65 staining shows the average percentage of positive neurons per microscopic field from 16 brain sections of four animals each for WT and HD mice.