Table 2:

Effect of smoking status on odor identification score, controlling for demographic variables

Covariate	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
	Model A: Smoking history	Model B: Time since quitting
Never smokers
Former smokers	0.97 (0.82 – 1.15)
Current smokers	0.87 (0.66 – 1.15)
Never smokers
Former smokers, by time since quitting
≤ 15 years		0.81 (0.66 – 0.99) *
> 15 years		1.05 (0.85 – 1.29)
Current smokers		0.86 (0.65 – 1.14)
Age	0.57 (0.50 – 0.64) **	0.57 (0.50 – 0.64) **
Gender
Men
Women	1.50 (1.28 – 1.76) **	1.50 (1.28 – 1.76) **
Education Level	1.15 (1.06 – 1.25) **	1.15 (1.06 – 1.25) **
Cognition	1.36 (1.23 – 1.51) **	1.36 (1.23 – 1.51) **
Race/Ethnicity
White
Black	0.61 (0.46 – 0.81) **	0.61 (0.46 – 0.81) **
Hispanic, non-black	0.83 (0.59 – 1.17)	0.83 (0.59 – 1.17)
Other	0.77 (0.42 – 1.40)	0.77 (0.42 – 1.40)

^*= p < .05

^**= p ≤ .001

Former smokers who quit ≤ 15 years ago, but not those who quit >15 years ago, have worse odor identification scores than never smokers. n=3528. Ordinal logistic regression with survey weights. OR for age are per decade. Education treated as a continuous measure with integer scores for education level (higher scores = more education). Cognition measured using z-scores for performance on SPMSQ or MoCA-SA.