Table 3:

Risk factors for incidence of new heart attack or heart disease at 10-year follow-up

Covariate	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
	Model A: Cardiac disease risk	Model B: Cardiac risk accounting for olfactory decline
Never smokers
Former smokers	1.49 (1.05 – 2.12) *	1.07 (0.67 – 1.71)
Current smokers	2.08 (1.28 – 3.38) *	2.27 (1.24 – 4.17) *
Olfactory decline at 5-year follow-up		1.75 (0.93 – 3.31) †
Age	1.13 (0.91 – 1.39)	1.09 (0.83 – 1.45)
Gender
Men
Women	0.52 (0.37 – 0.72) **	0.58 (0.38 – 0.88) *
Education Level	0.93 (0.79 – 1.10)	0.92 (0.74 – 1.14)
Cognition	0.95 (0.78 – 1.15)	1.09 (0.82 – 1.45)
BMI	1.02 (0.99 – 1.05)	1.03 (0.99 – 1.07) †
Self-rated physical health	0.91 (0.77 – 1.07)	0.92 (0.74 – 1.13)
Race/Ethnicity
White
Black	0.86 (0.55 – 1.35)	0.62 (0.33 – 1.17)
Hispanic, non-black	0.65 (0.36 – 1.18)	0.70 (0.33 – 1.49)
Other	0.43 (0.10 – 1.86)	0.48 (0.06 – 3.77)

^†= p < 0.10

^*= p < .05

^**= p ≤ .001

Olfactory decline at 5-year follow-up predicts new cardiac events at 10-year follow-up, independent of smoking status. Model A: n=1,460. Model B: n=935, multivariate logistic regression. Respondents with new cardiac events are those who reported no history of heart attack or heart disease at baseline and history of heart attack and/or heart disease at 10-year follow-up. Olfactory decline at 5-year follow-up is defined by a decrease of 2 or more points in odor identification score. OR for age are per decade. Education treated as a continuous measure with integer scores for education level (higher scores = more education). Cognition measured using z-scores for performance on SPMSQ or MoCA-SA. BMI calculated from direct measurements of height and weight.