Table 1. Summary of elephants’ history and tests performed, including post-mortem methods.
| Animal no. [Ref.] | Age | Sex | Status | EEHV subtype* | Blood test | H&E | IHC | TUNEL | IFA of PBMCs | TEM | qRT-PCR& |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 [6,7] | 3-y | F | Deceased | EEHV1A | NA | √ | √ | √ | NA | NA | NA |
| 2 [7] | 2-y | F | Deceased | EEHV1A | √ | √ | √ | √ | NA | NA | NA |
| 3 | 2-y | M | Deceased | EEHV1A | √ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 4 | 2-y | M | Deceased | EEHV1A | √ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 5 [6,7] | 3-y | F | Deceased | EEHV4 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | NA | NA |
| 6 [7] | 2-y | F | Deceased | EEHV4 | √ | √ | √ | √ | NA | NA | NA |
| 7 | 6-y | F | Alive | EEHV4 | NA | NA | NA | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 8 | 5-y | F | Alive | EEHV4 | NA | NA | NA | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 9 | 4-y | F | Deceased | EEHV1A and 4 | NA | √ | √ | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 10 | 6-y | F | Deceased | EEHV1A and 4 | NA | √ | √ | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 11 | NA | M | Deceased | Negative | NA | √ | √ | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 12 [6,7] | 1-d | M | Deceased | Negative | NA | √ | √ | √ | NA | NA | NA |
| 13 | 35-y | M | Deceased | Negative | NA | √ | √ | NA | NA | √ | NA |
| 14 | 5-y | M | Alive | Negative | √ | NA | NA | √ | √ | NA | √ |
| 15 | 8-y | M | Alive | Negative | √ | NA | NA | √ | √ | NA | √ |
* determined by conventional PCR and gene sequencing
& quantitative RT-PCR for cytokine mRNA expression
NA: Not applicable, F: female, M: male, y: year-old, d: day-old, H&E: hematoxylin and eosin stain, IHC: immunohistochemistry, TUNEL: Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, IFA: immunofluorescence, gB: glycoprotein B, qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells, TEM: transmission electron microscopy