Table 7. Details of the performed subgroup analysis according to the type of functional appliance (Herbst, Forsus and multi-bracket appliances).
| Outcome | Time point | Herbst +/- multibracket appliances | Forsus + multibracket appliances | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N_s | MD | 95% CI | P | N_s | MD | 95% CI | P | P_s | ||
| Mx skeletal | ||||||||||
| SNA (degrees) | Age 18 + | 1 | -0.60 | -1.91, 0.71 | 0.37 | 1 | 0.40 | -0.38, 1.18 | 0.32 | 0.20 |
| CVMS 5-6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.92 | |
| 3-years + | 3 | -1.62 | -3.17, -0.07 | 0.04 | 2 | -0.92 | -3.47, 1.62 | 0.48 | 0.77 | |
| A to N perp (mm) | Age 18 + | - | - | - | - | 1 | -6.30 | -7.01, -5.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| CVMS 5-6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | NA | |
| 3-years + | - | - | - | - | 2 | -3.99 | -8.50, 0.52 | 0.08 | 0.17 | |
| Co-A (mm) | Age 18 + | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0.60 | 0.03, 1.17 | 0.04 | 0.54 |
| CVMS 5-6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | NA | |
| 3-years + | 2 | -4.08 | -6.03, -2.12 | 0.00 | 2 | -0.40 | -2.36, 1.56 | 0.69 | 0.00 | |
| Md skeletal | ||||||||||
| SNB (degrees) | Age 18 + | 1 | -0.30 | -1.69, 1.09 | 0.67 | 1 | 0.30 | -0.27, 0.87 | 0.31 | 0.25 |
| CVMS 5-6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.33 | |
| 3-years + | 3 | -0.41 | -1.35, 0.54 | 0.40 | 2 | -0.21 | -1.29, 0.87 | 0.70 | 0.15 | |
| Pg to N perp (mm) | Age 18 + | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0.90 | 0.17, 1.63 | 0.02 | 0.13 |
| CVMS 5-6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.66 | |
| 3-years + | - | - | - | - | 2 | -0.06 | -2.02, 1.89 | 0.95 | 0.32 | |
| Co-Gn (mm) | Age 18 + | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1.60 | 0.62, 2.58 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| CVMS 5-6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.78 | |
| 3-years + | 2 | -1.44 | -6.09, 3.22 | 0.55 | 2 | 2.59 | 0.63, 4.55 | 0.01 | 0.35 | |
| Mx-md skeletal | ||||||||||
| ANB (degrees) | Age 18 + | 1 | -0.40 | -1.32, 0.52 | 0.40 | 1 | 0.60 | -0.01, 1.21 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
| CVMS 5-6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.35 | |
| 3-years + | 3 | -1.48 | -2.72, -0.25 | 0.02 | 2 | 0.17 | -0.80, 1.14 | 0.73 | 0.02 | |
| Wits (mm) | Age 18 + | 1 | -2.40 | -4.11, -0.69 | 0.01 | 1 | -2.70 | -3.53, -1.87 | 0.00 | 0.13 |
| CVMS 5-6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.93 | |
| 3-years + | 3 | -1.74 | -2.66, -0.81 | 0.00 | 2 | -3.10 | -3.78, -2.42 | 0.00 | 0.09 | |
| Co-Gn/Co-A diff (mm) | Age 18 + | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1.00 | -0.32, 2.32 | 0.14 | 0.06 |
| CVMS 5-6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | NA | |
| 3-years + | 2 | 1.63 | -0.09, 3.34 | 0.06 | 2 | 2.97 | -0.85, 6.79 | 0.13 | 0.58 | |
Mx skeletal, maxillary skeletal outcomes; SNA, SNA angle; A point to N perp, A to N perpendicular distance; Co-A, Co-A distance
Md skeletal, mandibular skeletal outcomes; SNB, SNB angle; Pg point to N perp, Pg to N perpendicular distance; Co-Gn, Co-Gn distance
Mx-md skeletal, maxillo-mandibular outcomes; ANB, ANB angle; Wits, Wits appraisal; Co-Gn/Co-A diff, Co-Gn/Co-A difference
Age 18 +, above 18 years of age; CVMS 5–6, at the end of growth according to the cervical vertebral maturation method; 3-years +, after a post-retention period of at least 3 years
N_s, number of studies or subgroups; MD, mean differences; 95% CI, 95% confidence intervals; P, P value
P_s, test for subgroup differences.