KEY RESOURCES TABLE

REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Bacterial and Virus Strains
BW25113	Datsenko and Wanner, 2000	N/A
BW25113 ΔapaH	This study	N/A
BW25113 ΔrppH	Luciano et al., 2017	N/A
BW25113 ΔapaH ΔrppH	This study	N/A
BW25113 ΔapaH ΔaraE ΔaraH	This study	N/A
BW25113 ΔapaH ΔrppH ΔaraE ΔaraH	This study	N/A
BW25113 ΔyeiP	Luciano et al., 2017	N/A
BW25113 ΔtrxB	Richards et al., 2012	N/A
BL21 (DE3) rne-131 Δrna	This study	N/A
MIC2067	Itaya et al., 1999	N/A
Chemicals, Peptides, and Recombinant Proteins
ApaH	This study	N/A
ApaH-D37A	This study	N/A
RppH	Foley et al., 2015	N/A
RppH-E53A	Foley et al., 2015	N/A
NudC	This study	N/A
NudC-E178A	This study	N/A
Tobacco acid pyrophosphatase	Epicentre	T19100
Pce1	Luciano et al., 2017	N/A
E. coli RNA polymerase	Nudler et al., 2003	N/A
LysU	This study	N/A
T7 RNA polymerase	Thermo Fisher	EP0111
T4 DNA ligase	Luciano et al., 2017	N/A
Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase	New England Biolabs	M0290L
T4 polynucleotide kinase	New England Biolabs	M0201L
rRNasin	Promega	N251B
Inorganic pyrophosphatase	Sigma-Aldrich	I1643
T4 RNA ligase 1	New England Biolabs	M0204
SuperScript III reverse transcriptase	Thermo Fisher	18080-044
Nucleotides used in these studies	Table S7	N/A
Orthophosphoric acid, [32P]	Perkin Elmer	NEX053S015MC
TALON Metal Affinity Resin	Clontech	635503
UNO Q1 column	Bio-Rad	7200001
TLC PEI cellulose F	Millipore	105579
3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid	Ivanov et al., 2004	N/A
Immobilon-Ny+	Millipore	INYC00010
Sephadex G-25	GE Healthcare	17-0031-02
Phenol	Fisher Scientific	A92-500
Cadmium chloride
Diamide	Sigma-Aldrich	D3648
L-arabinose	Sigma-Aldrich	A3256
Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)	GoldBio	I2481
L-lysine	Sigma-Aldrich	L5626
Sucrose	Sigma-Aldrich	S0389
Rifampicin	Sigma-Aldrich	R3501
Oligonucleotides
Oligonucleotides used in these studies	Table S7	N/A
Recombinant DNA
Plasmids used in these studies	Table S7	N/A
Software and Algorithms
ImageQuant TL	GE Healthcare	29000737
ciCalc2	This study	https://www.dropbox.com/sh/yni7ayej6iqz2mu/AADNwGYK__lnvwHHUDc_01d0a?dl=0