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. 2019 Sep 6;9:12820. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49202-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sufficient primary school contact can completely eliminate other-race and other-ethnicity effects. Plots show individual-participant scores for (a). ORE and (b). OEE. Solid trendlines (with equations) show line of best fit. Dotted lines are 95%CI on the trendline. Error bar at top right indicates approximate 68%CI on each individual participant’s ORE/OEE score (Table S6 for exact values); this illustrates that much of the variability in individual scores represents measurement error rather than variance that needs to be explained theoretically.