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. 2019 Sep 6;10:4047. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12129-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Resolving IP and OP dipoles by polarization. a Contour plot of the edge PL spectrum as a function of polarization direction for a hole-doped WSe₂ sample (both gates at −2.2 V). Dashed lines indicate the polarization corresponding to the OP and IP channels. b Comparison of the PL spectrum from the edge OP (black line) and IP (red line) channels and from the focal point (blue dotted line). The latter is rescaled to match the edge IP channel spectrum. c, d Contour plot of the edge PL spectrum as a function of gate voltage for the IP (c) and OP (d) channels. The IP channel is rescaled by a factor of 0.22 so that the PL intensity of the bright electron trion X^−,B in two channels have a comparable intensity. The two gates are set to the same voltage, which varies only the doping density in WSe₂ with symmetric top (TG) and bottom (BG) gates. The color bar represents the PL intensity in a, c, d. X^0,B, X^+,B, X^0,D, X^+,D and X^−,D denote the bright exciton, bright hole trion, dark exciton, dark hole trion and dark electron trion, respectively. The energy splitting between the bright and dark exciton (41 meV) in b agrees with the literature value^19,20.