. 2019 Sep 6;2:88. doi: 10.1038/s41746-019-0166-1

Table 2.

Spectrum of youth-relevant mental health applications being explored using digital phenotyping

Prevention	Screening and early diagnosis	Monitoring	Treatment
Fostering resilience and health promoting behaviors	Proactive identification of undiagnosed conditions and/or formal confirmation of a specific condition	Early detection of condition changes, adverse events, and relapse	Tailored intervention, engagement and treatment efficacy monitoring
Stress identification ^13– 17 Passive detection of changes in self-perceived stress in order to foster self-regulation and resilience or trigger proactive help-seeking before the onset of frank mental health symptoms. High-risk alcohol use detection ^49, 50 Passive identification of high-risk drinking episodes using activity and phone utilization data in order to trigger prevention interventions.	Mood disorder detection ^10– 12 Passive detection of activity changes using accelerometry, GPS, phone utilization data in order to identify individuals at risk for depression or anxiety. Suicidality detection ^51– 53 Automatic natural language processing of social media posts to identify at-risk individuals.	Mood disorder self-monitoring ¹⁹ Using activity and location data to discreetly monitor mood changes as part of combined parent-child self-monitoring intervention. BPD relapse prediction ^{12, 23, 26– 29, 37, 38} Passive monitoring for depressive (using keyboard signals) and manic (using voice signals) signs indicative of relapse, enabling “early warning sign” interventions. Opioid overdose detection ⁴⁰ Active abnormal respiratory pattern detection post opioid use using smartphone “sonar” (combining speaker and microphone.) Schizophrenia relapse prediction ¹²⁴ Passive monitoring for early-warning signs using accelerometry and heart variability in order to detect relapse early and enable medical intervention.	Depression therapy enhancement ^22, 112 Sensor-derived signals (e.g. location information) used to tailor therapy in order to maximize user engagement and treatment effect or identify when treatment is not working.

Prevention

Screening and early diagnosis

Monitoring

Treatment

Fostering resilience and health promoting behaviors

Proactive identification of undiagnosed conditions and/or formal confirmation of a specific condition

Early detection of condition changes, adverse events, and relapse

Tailored intervention, engagement and treatment efficacy monitoring

Stress identification ^13–
17

Passive detection of changes in self-perceived stress in order to foster self-regulation and resilience or trigger proactive help-seeking before the onset of frank mental health symptoms.

High-risk alcohol use detection ^49,
50

Passive identification of high-risk drinking episodes using activity and phone utilization data in order to trigger prevention interventions.

Mood disorder detection ^10–
12

Passive detection of activity changes using accelerometry, GPS, phone utilization data in order to identify individuals at risk for depression or anxiety.

Suicidality detection ^51–
53

Automatic natural language processing of social media posts to identify at-risk individuals.

Mood disorder self-monitoring ¹⁹

Using activity and location data to discreetly monitor mood changes as part of combined parent-child self-monitoring intervention.

BPD relapse prediction ^{12,
23,
26–
29,
37,
38}

Passive monitoring for depressive (using keyboard signals) and manic (using voice signals) signs indicative of relapse, enabling “early warning sign” interventions.

Opioid overdose detection ⁴⁰

Active abnormal respiratory pattern detection post opioid use using smartphone “sonar” (combining speaker and microphone.)

Schizophrenia relapse prediction ¹²⁴

Passive monitoring for early-warning signs using accelerometry and heart variability in order to detect relapse early and enable medical intervention.

Depression therapy enhancement ^22,
112

Sensor-derived signals (e.g. location information) used to tailor therapy in order to maximize user engagement and treatment effect or identify when treatment is not working.

BPD bipolar disorder