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. 2019 Sep 6;9:12871. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49313-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Most important steps of the three main methanogenic pathways (modified from Guo et al.⁴³).Steps of hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathway are colored in blue, steps of acetoclastic methanogenic pathway in red and steps of methylotrophic methanogenesis in black. Additionally, steps being part of hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenesis are colored in grey, while steps being part of all three pathways are colored in yellow. Bar charts showing the mean relative protein abundance or each group of plants (A: acetoclastic, H: hydrogenotrophic, B: both pathways). Abbreviations: Formyl-MFR, formylmethanofuran; H4MPT, tetrahydromethanopterin; CoM, methyl-coenzyme M; CoM-SS-CoB,mixed-disulfide of coenzyme M and coenzyme B; MtaA, methylcobalamin:coenzyme Mmethyltransferase; MtaB/MtaC, methanol:5-hydroxybenzimidazolyl-cobamide Co-methyltransferase; ackA, acetate kinase; pta, phosphate acetyltransferase; ACSS, acetyl-CoA synthetase; cdhCDE, acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase; fdhAB, format dehydrogenase; fmd, formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase; ftr, formylmethanofuran-tetrahydromethanopterin N-formyltransferase; mch, methenyltetra-hydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase; mtd, methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase; mer, 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase; mtr, tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase; hdr, heterodisulfide reductase; mcr, methyl-coenzyme M reductase.