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. 2019 Sep 6;9:12827. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49289-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phlda3 mRNA and protein levels are upregulated by oxidative stress-inducing agents in parallel with the induction of antioxidant genes. MIN6 cells or primary mouse islets were cultured in the absence (white bars) or presence of 50 mmol/l ribose for 48 h or high glucose (30 mmol/l) for 3 weeks (black bars). Human islets were cultured in the absence or presence of 50 µmol/l H₂O₂. Changes in the mRNA levels of Phlda3, Hmox1, Gpx1 and Srxn1 in ribose-treated MIN6 cells (a,b). Changes in the mRNA levels of Phlda3 in ribose-treated islets (c). Changes in PHLDA3 immunostaining in ribose-treated MIN6 cells (d). Changes in the mRNA levels of Phlda3 and Srxn1 in high glucose-treated islets (e,f). Changes in PHLDA3 immunostaining in H₂O₂-treated human islets and immunostaining for insulin and glucagon on adjacent islet sections (g). n = 3–5 experiments. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs control. Scale bars, 50 µm.