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. 2019 Oct;71(4):467–502. doi: 10.1124/pr.119.017533

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

The key signaling pathways suspected to be activated in cardiomyocytes by the apelin receptor. Apelin binding can promote Gαi, Gαq, and β-arrestin recruitment to the receptor, these pathways are thought to ultimately lead to cardiac inotropy without hypertrophy. However, in the absence of apelin, β-arrestin recruitment may lead to stretch-mediated hypertrophy.