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. 2019 Sep 5;9(9):e026351. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026351

Table 3.

Common single congenital anomalies (CA) per body system involved

Body system Total number
Of CA
Isolated CA Common isolated anomalies
No. %
Cardiovascular 424 265 62.5 Ventricular septal defects in 75 (28.3%).
Atrial septal defects in 67 (25.3%).
Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis in 18 (6.8%).
Severe CHD in 54 (20.4%)
Urinary 323 229 70.8 Congenital hydronephrosis in 147 (64.2%).
Bilateral renal agenesis in 3 (1.3%).
Central nervous 161 68 42.8 Neural tube defects in 32 (47.1%).
Encephalocele in 4 (5.9%)
Gastrointestinal 74 33 44.6 Ano-rectal atresia and stenosis in 16 (48.5%).
Diaphragmatic hernia in 6 (18.2).
Limb 97 31 32 Total limbs reduction in 9 (29%).
Upper limb reduction in 7 (22.6%).
Lower limb reduction in 3 (9.7%).
Eye 32 14 43.8 Congenital glaucoma in 6 (42.9%).
Congenital cataract in 4 (28.6%).
Anophthalmia+microphthalmia in 3 (21.4%).

CHD, congenital heart disease.