Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | N | Age, yr, mean (SD) |
Female, % | Device type | Pathogen | Local infection only, % | Time to reimplantation | Device reinfection, % | Death, % | Follow-up, months |
| Amraoui et al 27 | 80 | 71 (13) | 20 | PM, ICD | NR | 61 | 4–14 days | 0 | 5.0 | 12 |
| Boyle et al 13 | 220 | 68 (14) | 19 | NR | NR | 58 | 10 days IQR 6–19 | 1.8 | 11.4 | 6 |
| Chua et al 28 | 123 | 66 (16) | 29 | PM, ICD | CoNS: 46 S. aureus: 9.0 |
74 | 5 days (range 0–68 days) | 3 | 8.1 | 14 |
| Deharo et al 29 | 59 | 71 (14) | 26 | PM, ICD, CRT | CoNS: 42 S. aureus: 30 GNB: 11 |
41 | 24 days (10–1192 days) | 1.7 | 3.3 | 25 |
| Molina30 | 26 | 50 (NR) | NR | PM, ICD | NR | NR | 2–6 weeks | 0.09 | 0 | 312 |
| Mountantonakis et al 31 | 15 | 77 (12) | 27 | PM, ICD | CoNS: 40 S. aureus: 27 GNB: 20 |
100 | 0 (same day) | 0 | NR | 40 |
| Saeed et al 32 | 168 | 67 (7) | 32 | PM, ICD, CRT | NR | 82 | 3 days IQR 1–10 |
5.4 | NR | 229 |
| Tascini et al 33 | 79 | 60 (30) | 23 | PM, ICD | CoNS: 70 S. aureus: 14 GNB: 12 |
72 | 2 days | 0 | NR | 14 |
CoNS, coagulase negative staphylococci; CRT, cardiac resynchronisation therapy; GNB, gram negative bacilli; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; IQR, interquartile range; NR, not reported; PM, pacemaker; Yr, year.