Table 2.
Logistic regression models for factors associated with prolonged use of CNSDs, estimated using multiple imputations
| Independent variable | Bivariate model | Multivariate model | ||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 2.05 (1.21 to 3.47) | 0.007 | 1.56 (0.80 to 3.02) | 0.19 |
| Age groups, years | ||||
| 65–74 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 75–84 | 2.25 (1.27 to 4.00) | 0.006 | 2.32 (1.16 to 4.65) | 0.02 |
| ≥85 | 3.91 (1.75 to 8.74) | 0.001 | 3.33 (1.25 to 8.87) | 0.02 |
| Education, years | ||||
| Basic education (≤10) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Secondary education (11–13) | 0.29 (0.14 to 0.60) | 0.001 | 0.33 (0.13 to 0.83) | 0.02 |
| Higher education (≥14) | 0.34 (0.16 to 0.71) | 0.004 | 0.45 (0.18 to 1.12) | 0.09 |
| Income (Norwegian krone/year) | ||||
| <200 000 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 200 000–349 000 | 0.73 (0.27 to 1.93) | 0.52 | 0.67 (0.20 to 2.24) | 0.52 |
| ≥350 000 | 0.33 (0.12 to 0.88) | 0.03 | 0.35 (0.10 to 1.23) | 0.10 |
| Living alone | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.80 (1.08 to 3.01) | 0.03 | 0.94 (0.47 to 1.88) | 0.86 |
| Polypharmacy (≥5 drugs/day) | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 6.95 (3.13 to 15.41) | < 0.001 | 5.16 (2.13 to 12.55) | < 0.001 |
| Anxiety scores (HADS-A) | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.14) | 0.14 | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.13) | 0.80 |
| Depression scores (HADS-D) | 1.14 (1.05 to 1.24) | 0.002 | 1.08 (0.95 to 1.22) | 0.21 |
| Pain intensity (mm on VAS) | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.03) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.04) | < 0.001 |
Bold, P value <0.05.
CNSD, central nervous system depressant drugs; HADS-D/A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, depression or anxiety subscale; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.