Table 2.
Relative Index of Inequality (RII) of tobacco use among men and women by education and wealth in Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016
| 2001 | 2006 | 2011 | 2016 | P value* | |
| Men | |||||
| Prevalence ratio (95% CI ) | |||||
| No education | 1.94 (1.51 to 2.49) | 2.61 (2.13 to 3.22) | 2.40 (2.04 to 2.82) | 2.16 (1.84 to 2.55) | 0.224 |
| Primary | 1.91 (1.51 to 2.42) | 2.25 (1.87 to 2.71) | 2.19 (1.86 to 2.58) | 2.09 (1.78 to 2.46) | 0.719 |
| Secondary | 1.28 (0.99 to 1.66) | 1.66 (1.34 to 2.04) | 1.55 (1.33 to 1.82) | 1.67 (1.47 to 1.89) | 0.294 |
| Higher (ref.) | |||||
| RII (95% CI ) | 2.04 (1.71 to 2.43) | 2.76 (2.32 to 3.29) | 2.85 (2.41 to 3.37) | 2.54 (2.09 to 3.08) | 0.037 |
| Prevalence ratio (95% CI ) | |||||
| Poorest | 1.38 (1.19 to 1.60) | 1.49 (1.29 to 1.72) | 1.66 (1.44 to 1.92) | 1.54 (1.35 to 1.77) | 0.374 |
| Poorer | 1.57 (1.38 to 1.78) | 1.42 (1.23 to 1.63) | 1.52 (1.32 to 1.76) | 1.53 (1.31 to 1.78) | 0.744 |
| Middle | 1.42 (1.24 to 1.63) | 1.26 (1.09 to 1.46) | 1.57 (1.35 to 1.82) | 1.57 (1.38 to 1.79) | 0.111 |
| Richer | 1.31 (1.13 to 1.51) | 1.13 (0.97 to 1.31) | 1.17 (0.99 to 1.38) | 1.48 (1.31 to 1.68) | 0.027 |
| Richest (ref.) | |||||
| RII ( 95% CI ) | 1.51 (1.30 to 1.76) | 1.70 (1.44 to 2.01) | 1.95 (1.66 to 2.29) | 1.61 (1.35 to 1.92) | 0.131 |
| Women | |||||
| Prevalence ratio (95% CI ) | |||||
| No education | 21.22 (3.10 to 145.01) | 31.98 (11.56 to 88.45) | 46.36 (14.72 to 146.04) | 12.08 (6.86 to 21.26) | 0.124 |
| Primary | 12.54 (1.84 to 85.24) | 20.38 (7.26 to 57.23) | 34.96 (11.15 to 109.60) | 8.64 (4.85 to 15.40) | 0.136 |
| Secondary | 3.34 (0.48 to 23.46) | 3.86 (1.28 to 11.68) | 9.16 (2.89 to 29.02) | 2.81 (1.53 to 5.14) | 0.361 |
| Higher (ref.) | |||||
| RII (95% CI ) | 6.46 (4.78 to 8.74) | 14.23 (9.89 to 20.49) | 15.84 (10.52 to 23.85) | 16.02 (10.90 to 23.53) | 0.001 |
| Prevalence ratio (95% CI ) | |||||
| Poorest | 4.52 (3.63 to 5.64) | 5.96 (4.66 to 7.62) | 9.07 (6.65 to 12.37) | 9.01 (6.41 to 12.64) | <0.001 |
| Poorer | 3.90 (3.14 to 4.84) | 3.30 (2.51 to 4.35) | 4.89 (3.59 to 6.68) | 4.64 (3.29 to 6.53) | 0.240 |
| Middle | 3.16 (2.51 to 3.96) | 3.01 (2.36 to 3.84) | 3.05 (2.23 to 4.17) | 2.64 (1.83 to 3.82) | 0.884 |
| Richer | 2.40 (1.96 to 2.94) | 2.17 (1.69 to 2.79) | 2.24 (1.59 to 3.15) | 2.56 (1.71 to 3.82) | 0.885 |
| Richest (ref.) | |||||
| RII ( 95% CI ) | 4.79 (3.86 to 5.93) | 6.89 (5.23 to 9.08) | 13.39 (9.40 to 19.08) | 12.14 (8.05 to 18.31) | <0.001 |
*P value for test of heterogeneity in log prevalence ratio or RII across years.